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Amid the hand-wringing over the death of "true journalism" in the Internet Age - the din of bloggers, the echo chamber of Twitter, the predominance of Wikipedia - veteran journalists and media critics Bill Kovach and Tom Rosenstiel have written a pragmatic guide to navigating the twenty-first century media terrain. Yes, old authorities are being dismantled, new ones created, and the very nature of knowledge has changed. But seeking the truth remains the purpose of journalism. How do we discern what is reliable? Blur provides a road map, or more specifically, reveals the craft that has been used in newsrooms by the very best journalists for getting at the truth. In an age when the line between citizen and journalist is becoming increasingly unclear, Blur is a crucial guide for those who want to know what's true.… (more)
User reviews
Although this book is placed under the journalism subject heading, it is perfect for just about anyone who spends time reading news and opinion content online. Kovach and Rosenstiel write engagingly, and any jargon is clearly explained both in general terms but also by providing context through examples. This makes the text accessible and they further break down the process - using the clever term, tradecraft of verification - to enable any information consumer to create the habits necessary to look at online information with the appropriate level of skepticism.
I read Blur during a week when the Pew Research Center for the People & Press report on news media was released (66% of Americans say news stories are often inaccurate, overall performance grows more negative) and the satirical news Web site, the Onion, was dealing with a Twitter post that had caused strong negative opinion because some people had been unable to identify it as fake news. The lessons to be learned from Blur make these sorts of stories more relevant and underscore the need for more people to be increasingly curious about their information sources and what those sources say.
The authors are not saying that everyone can be a journalist, or that everyone is. Instead, they highlight techniques that journalists use and explain how the average reader can use the same methods to identify the fact and fiction of what they read online.
The paperback edition has an afterword and has clearly been updated to incorporate examples from 2010, making the book feel very timely. But the underlying tips and guidance that the authors provide are timeless in an age where trust in the news and news organizations is lower and when nearly anyone can publish information online.
Excellent read. I would especially recommend this for anyone who deals with information - lawyers and other professions, librarians, business leaders - and who may need these sorts of tools when they research outside their own content area.
Their goal in this short (200 pages or so) book is to provide a way to evaluate the credibility of news
For the time-challenged, here are the questions:
1. What kind of content am I encountering?
2. Is the information complete; and if not, what is missing?
3. Who or what are the sources, and why should I believe them?
4. What evidence is presented, and how was it tested or vetted?
5. What might be an alternative explanation or understanding?
6. Am I learning what I need to?
The authors cite Walton's Informal Logic at one point, and I was already comparing the two works. Both deliver important information as first-rate content. They are well-organized, carefully thought out, clearly written, concise and well-documented. But in both cases, I found myself wishing for some small gift -- a clever phrase, a telling metaphor -- but it never showed up. Superb clarity. No grace whatever.
Don't get me wrong, this is a good book and you should get a copy and read it. You'll be a better person and better prepared to face the daily onslaught of news. But it is dry. Have a beverage nearby.
Blur covers a quick overview of the current news environment, and describes some of the changes over time - newspapers, network television, cable television, the
The authors have also together created a textbook of journalism, and at times in Blur it is uncertain whether the text is addressing consumers or creators of news. To me, this was a strength -- a glimpse of what media creators are concerned with helps to understand it from the perspective of a consumer. I in fact plan to lend this volume out to friends who are journalists.
Blur is, in the space of 200 pages, a (very) brief sketch of how we got here -- specifically of the ways in which information technology shapes the way we receive information -- a guide to how to deal with things as they are, a call for journalists to do better, and an examination of what the "next journalism," now emerging, might look like. Along the way it touches on subjects such as why (and how) people get news, and what good journalism looks like -- the latter illustrated with examples that are enough to make me want to change careers and become a reporter (not because they make it look easy -- far from it-- but because they make it look like an extraordinary challenge, in which the rewards come from making the world a better place. Blur is, in short, an extremely rich and wide-ranging book. That it's never confusing or dull (though it is serious) is a testament to how skillful the authors are at their trade.
The majority of readers will see the chapters on how to be an informed consumer of news as the heart of this book, and its most valuable feature. They'd be right, but the last 30 pages of the book -- two chapters on the "next journalism" -- also deserve notice. Its analysis of one potential road that the fusion of print journalism and the internet could take is lucid, innovative, and surprisingly compelling. There's a great deal of writing out there about the fact that jouralism is changing radically . . . not so much about where those changes might lead. Here's one very plausible-sounding possibility, embedded in one very thoughtful book. Highly recommended.
While the bulk of the book talks about the first 3 models, and how to recognize and analyze them, the real theme of the book might be the last category. Individuals have increasingly accepted more of the responsibility for collecting their own varied sources of news, and the broad journalism industry has responded in logical ways to stay in business. If we are all becoming "aggregators" in one sense or another, we need to understand the different kinds of journalism, and know how to evaluate them (as what they are, not what we wish they were).
I didn't find the last section, on the future of news, as satisfying as the rest of the book. As good journalists, Kovach and Rosenstiel are measured in their language and conservative in their predictions. Unfortunately, that style which works so well for the rest of the book doesn't match the job of forecasting. (This is also the section where I felt too many sentences began or ended with "as we discuss in our other book...")
This book should be taught in high school, as part of preparation for informed citizenship. (Sadly, it probably will mostly be taught in college journalism classes.)
I’ve read other accounts of media manipulation from the Net Delusion to The Filter Bubble. Where those two fail, is where Blur succeeds. It’s the ability to provide tools to decipher the lies and manipulation in a story. Furthermore, it doesn't have quite the dire and cynical perspective about the manipulation, there is something that can be done about it.
When it is not attempting to get journalists to go back to their roots, the authors provide examples of key journalists and their investigative techniques. I found these histories fascinating from Homer Bigart’s reporting that changed the way journalists reported on Vietnam (not taking the government’s word for anything) to Seymour Hersh’s reporting (journalism by verification). The authors go on further to identify types of journalism to look for in order to determine if someone is simply stating facts or attempting a journalism of assertion, where facts are picked selectively to prove a point.
We have to be vigilant and have “Skeptical Knowing” so that we use our analytical and skeptical mind to find what’s being attempted information or disinformation. In todays rush the facts find the truth later type of news as well as the change the information to suit the political points kind of news it's important to understand the distinctions. It’s also a great analysis of what the news should be, and while much of that is directed at journalists in attempt to turn the ship to best serve the public, it’s a great lesson everyone needs to learn.
Favorite parts/passages:
“Our understanding of the news must be built on a foundation of facts—an accurate understanding of what has occurred. And this process of moving from understanding to assigning meaning is one that should be arrived at through a sequence.” P. 31
"When everything is unchecked, all assertions become equal--those that are accurate and those that are not. The news, and journalism, becomes more of an argument than a depiction of accurate events that argument, debate, and compromise can build upon." p. 126
"In the new world of information and self-editing, we should be just as wary. Anecdotes illustrate; they do not prove. Single statistics hint, but they do not establish. Examples or stray numbers offered as proof are a red flag. When you see them, take care. They are a sign of cherry-picking, a hallmark of the journalism of affirmation." p. 136
"This bring us to the checklist we introduced for becoming a more conscious and careful consumer (a skeptical knowing) of news about the world:
1. What kind of content am I encountering?
2. Is the information complete; and if not, what is missing?
3. Who or what are the sources, and why should I believe them?
4. What evidence is presented, and how was it tested or vetted?
5. What might be an alternative explanation or understanding?
6. Am I learning what I need to?
p. 168
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Blur is a great little book that lays out these challenges by trying to help individual consumers to parse the news for themselves. By providing a sort of toolkit to digest the increasing amounts of information with which we are bombarded daily, the authors make a case for journalists more as teachers and assistants to an information-savvy public and less as the gatekeepers with total control over the framing of news stories.
This is a great little book that I'll be referring to often as I try to consider how my own profession must adapt to the same challenges.
One can readily concede the characterization of the largely disintegrating (in both senses, as concerns quality and progression from a prior unity of professional objective) state of news media, while not accepting the authors' optimism about the ability of the population at large to be either motivated or equipped to take the necessary steps to obtain anything better. This is, after all, the same public that has fueled the growth of the journalism of affirmation embodied in Fox news and even, although less successfully, some few offerings on the opposite end of the political spectrum. The appetite and energy to individually acquire the skills upon which we used to expect from the traditional media seem in short supply. That should be of small surprise, given the critical comments about the negative impact of internet use and a general lack of intellectual depth that becomes more common (e.g., Maggie Jackson's Distracted, and Nicholas Carr's The Shallows).
If it is true that a thriving democracy depends upon an educated and informed citizenry, and if it is also true that the plethora of information has decreased the amount of actual knowledge, and further that the burden of bridging the gap falls on each person where before we could rely on a skilled profession to do most of the heavy lifting, then perhaps we are in for a bleak future. Although the authors no doubt intend this solid work to offer encouraging instruction to the reader, the outcome is as likely to be a sobering pessimism arising from consumers' lack of critical curiosity.
From 1) Journalism of Verification (traditional model with high value on truth) to
2) Journalism of Assertion (24hr news stations that don't have time to fact check.
3) Journalism of Affirmation: Less a news source, less emphasis on accuracy, more emphasis on a particular type of politics, cherry picking information that supports a particular type of view and on to new watchdog news sources on the internet (Who tend to only watch one particular group or type of law, leading to a slanted website) and some of the more reliable/balanced websites out there (e.g. polifacts).
Within each of these descriptions are interesting real life examples of journalism done right (early examples include reporters who actually went to Vietnam) which help to keep the book interesting. The author concludes with a discussion of what role the media needs to take in the future.
The examples are American based, however you could apply them anywhere. Given the state of the media in the USA right now, I think this book should be required reading for all. Four and a half stars.
So I was educated by this book, but disappointed.
Overall, I liked the book. It's well-written, if a bit repetitive in spots. I didn't find it to be a particularly enthralling read, though, at least until the final few chapters. That said, it's a very rewarding read if you keep plugging away at it.