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History. Sociology. Military. Nonfiction. HTML:We have a strong instinct to belong to small groups defined by clear purpose and understandingâ??"tribes." This tribal connection has been largely lost in modern society, but regaining it may be the key to our psychological survival. Decades before the American Revolution, Benjamin Franklin lamented that English settlers were constantly fleeing over to the Indians-but Indians almost never did the same. Tribal society has been exerting an almost gravitational pull on Westerners for hundreds of years, and the reason lies deep in our evolutionary past as a communal species. The most recent example of that attraction is combat veterans who come home to find themselves missing the incredibly intimate bonds of platoon life. The loss of closeness that comes at the end of deployment may explain the high rates of post-traumatic stress disorder suffered by military veterans today. Combining history, psychology, and anthropology, Tribe explores what we can learn from tribal societies about loyalty, belonging, and the eternal human quest for meaning. It explains the irony that-for many veterans as well as civilians-war feels better than peace, adversity can turn out to be a blessing, and disasters are sometimes remembered more fondly than weddings or tropical vacations. Tribe explains why we are stronger when we come together, and how that can be achieved even in today's divided wor… (more)
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Such is the question that bedeviled some early American colonists regarding some of their kin "going Indian," and such frames Junger's exploration into the importance of tribal association and participation to one's health and
Junger argues that we all developed in a hunter/gatherer tribal system which proved egalitarian and equal. All members participated in hunting and gathering; all members were thus taken care of. In such tribes anyone who would attempt to take resources without providing effort or who would take more for him or herself would have to face some sort of punishment or exclusion to maintain group integrity. In this way, suggests Junger, we all yearn to participate in tribal associations greater than ourselves, and our current individualistic existence in Western culture does not satisfy those yearnings.
He speaks of his experience as a war correspondent and from discussions held with people who came together in a shared tribal experience because of war or natural disasters. He considers the plight of soldiers of modern wars and PTSD and suggests that for many PTSD has more to do with difficulties re-acclimating to modern culture because of its alienation.
His challenge is bipartisan: for good reason there should be concern both about the "freeloader" and the one who takes far more than what is necessary, and we are designed for community and to be part of something greater than ourselves.
I would agree but would phrase the argument in more theological ways: man as made in the image of the God who is one in relational unity will seek relational unity with God and with other humans. The author does well in pointing out the dangerous consequences of our ever more individualist society which eschews communal participation; the longer and further this goes, the more alienation, the more isolation, the more difficulties people will experience with mental health and well-being. Humans are tribal creatures, and it is not a bad thing.
I must admit that I thought this book was going to be about our men and women in the armed forces who have suffered from PTSD, and about other causes of that particular disability that has inhibited the normal function of so
The author decried our way of life as negatively impacting the environment and our relationships and interactions with others because we have created a society of people who consistently take more than their fair share and give less than he deems necessary to create a more egalitarian society for all. He minimized the trauma that is PTSD and glorified the trauma, tragedies and catastrophes that brought it on, by insisting it was a short term "illness". In early societies, he insists that extreme trauma and tragedy actually caused euphoria since it engendered the community to come together in selfless ways, rather than selfish ways which is what we are experiencing in the modern world. Essentially, he blamed modernity for acknowledging the problem that it inherently caused because of our own behavior.
When the book begins, Junger discusses the American Indian, but first he issued a disclaimer concerning his lack of footnotes and then discussed his controversial use of certain terms, one of which is American Indian vs. Native American. Then he sang their praises while basically trashing what he believes is our own selfish way of life. We, the author notes, have lost our sense of community, of sharing, of belonging. This, he eventually concludes, citing chapter and verse of instances I have never heard of, that it is our isolation and greed that are some of the reasons for our mental health issues. We have forgotten how to share. We have forgotten how to care. He judges and makes moral equivalents that make no sense simply because he wants to, in order to prove his point, often comparing apples to oranges, and then claiming his examples prove his point without adequately referencing his conclusions. It seemed as if he decided what he wanted to prove and simply chose only examples that supported his viewpoint.
He used Beau Bergdahl as an example of our habit of rushing into making conclusions and often drawing false conclusions. He admitted he was a deserter who left his post and caused the deaths of his fellow soldiers, who went to search for him, but he thought it was wrong to judge him more harshly than those who caused the collapse of the financial market which he blamed on banks and other institutions. He believes the consequences from the economic debacle led to far greater casualties. He failed to note the fact that the government regulations were deeply at fault, and if bankers should be punished, so should those in the government, like Democrat Barney Frank, who insisted on regulations which encouraged the sub-prime mortgages that were the underlying cause of the failures.
Junger’s progressive agenda becomes more and more apparent as he writes. His political views and ideology guide him rather than the facts, and his political leanings were obvious from word one. He used many single-minded, one-sided opinions to reach conclusions he preferred, and he found obscure bits and pieces of personal experiences or ideas which backed him up, but often defied general knowledge and the real personal experience of soldiers and others who had experienced war and lived through monumental disasters.
He lost me when he decided that chaos and extreme danger often engendered euphoria! He actually cited experiences like 9/11, to prove his point, but my own personal experience with family contradicted his conclusions. Perhaps those who were not directly in the actual tragedy of 9/11, were able to be euphoric, but those affected were not! PTSD is a serious problem, once referred to as shell-shocked and battle fatigue. It has been around a long time and is not a newly discovered dysfunction. In some, it may be short term as Junger believes, and that is lucky for those so minimally affected. In others, there is often a trigger which provokes a response that had remained hidden or submerged until that catalyst., like a memory, a sound, or a conversation, caused the disability to reemerge. There may be some that take advantage of the disability as some do in all areas of life, historically, but for many the experience of PTSD is disabling through no fault of their own for long periods of time. Those afflicted are not trying to take from society unfairly, as those who knowingly took loans they could not repay, or as Bergdahl did when he knowingly set out to betray his fellow soldiers. Even the bankers did not knowingly set out to destroy the economy; they followed the current banking requirements. Yet the author makes no mention of their culpability.
I think Junger may have been right about the failure of society, in that society does use people for its own ends and does take advantage of them for selfish reasons, but usually it is for the benefit of the larger society. When real harm is caused there are usually appropriate actions taken to correct them and alter the course. Junger seems to be espousing communal living, perhaps as I mentioned earlier, Socialism. I hope he will look further into the anecdotes out there that prove that his idea of a "collective" type of society fails as it expands, and then rethink his own Pollyanna approach to a societal problem which is, in his unfortunate view, the "ugly, selfish American"! He also seems to be trying to prove that bravery is a negative behavior, but depression can serve as a positive influence. I simply could not get my head around that premise.
I was very disappointed in the obvious political agenda this book seemed intent on presenting during our current contentious political environment. He seemed to want to encourage a world in which everyone and everything is equal, without recognizing that when the ambition to succeed declines, the amount of money to be redistributed declines, and everyone grows poorer together. The ultimate end result of economic equality turns out to be simply that everyone is poor rather than everyone is uplifted!
Disclaimer: This represents my own opinions from my own experience in much the same way as the author and his sources represent theirs. We are all entitled to our own opinions, but not to our own facts, so remarked Daniel Patrick Moynihan.
-Starts with stories from pre-revolutionary US about people from (white) settlements running off to join Indian tribes. More freedom and life
-Only in Northern European societies and North America so many children sleep alone. And get intense relationship with stuffed animals...
-More loyalty and less fraud e.g. in tribes.
-Blitz-"psychiatric hospitals saw admissions go down" "long standing patients saw their symptoms subside during the period of intense air raids, voluntary admissions to psychiatric wards noticeably declined, and even epileptics reported having fewer seizures" ... "... suggested that some people actually did better during wartime"
-Durkheim: when European societies went to war, suicide rates dropped.
-Psychiatric wards strangely empty in France during wars, and same in civil wars in Spain, Algeria, Lebanon, and Northern Ireland. Depression rates declined in Belfast during the troubles.
-Theory of sociologist Charles Fritz: Disasters create community of sufferers. Therapeutic for mental illness.
-Somewhat controversial: victim status and various benefits like lifelong disability hampers reintegration into normal life for former combatants. Not encouraged or allowed to contribute to society. Society also needs to give these people a way to speak out and relieve themselves of their experiences.
In Tribe journalist Sebastian Junger looks at all of the problems besetting western civilization, including school shootings, PTSD,
There are a number of sharp observations in this short but wide-ranging book, but, unfortunately they don't add up to a compelling whole.
This is a well written and accessible account of masculinity as experienced today by many many men. Worth the read.
I suspect this is loved evo devo fans, as he blatantly tosses all activities into a blanket male/female division, men are from Mars and women from venus don'cha know. The best blather is saved for how people blossom in war, because he met some people who miss it and lists stats that confirm it (though we're not privy to where he got them, it's 60% sure that he picked the right stats to support his theories) . I guess I can rethink the holocaust, because you just know those camp inmates were actually blossoming and flourishing in their small social communities. And you know, I'll bet he's right that not one camp inmate complained about lack of meaning in their life, quite possibly because they were concerned about where their next tidbit of food was going to come from, let alone... well, everything else, because food was pretty much it, the meaning of life . If only they knew that camp days were the best days evah and will probably miss those good old concentration camp days for the rest of their lives.
The wealthy society privilege rating on this book is very high.
“If you want to make a society work, then you don’t keep underscoring the places where you are
There's a culture war raging in America right now, some of which has also stretched out internationally thanks to globalization, and this war has many causes and effects going back years and decades. This need for a tribe, and its frequent intermittent loss, I believe is an under-discussed cause of this culture war. Globalization has a cost, and it's still unclear if we'll be able to pay the price AND continue to prosper. I believe we will but the outcome is very much unknown.
It’s also interesting, so much has been written lately about the evils of tribalism, and I tend to agree with a lot of that. But he is concentrating on the good aspects of tribalism, without discounting the fact that there are many awful aspects at the same time.
It's in no way unfair, he gives modernity props where they're due. It's just that, like all
As the subtitle hints, he focuses on those returning home, which in this day and age, frequently means soldiers but also includes, for example, Peace Corps volunteers. However, the issues raised apply more broadly and anyone who cares about our modern discontents should take a couple hours to read this.