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The glamorous world of big-city geisha is familiar to many readers, but little has been written of the life of hardship and pain led by the hot-springs-resort geisha. Indentured to geisha houses by families in desperate poverty, deprived of freedom and identity, these young women lived in a world of sex for sale, unadorned by the trappings of wealth and celebrity. Sayo Masuda has written the first full-length autobiography of a former hot-springs-resort geisha. Masuda was sent to work as a nursemaid at the age of six and then was sold to a geisha house at the age of twelve. In keeping with tradition, she first worked as a servant while training in the arts of dance, song, shamisen, and drum. In 1940, aged sixteen, she made her debut as a geisha. Autobiography of a Geisha chronicles the harsh life in the geisha house from which Masuda and her "sisters" worked. They were routinely expected to engage in sex for payment, and Masuda's memoir contains a grim account of a geisha's slow death from untreated venereal disease. Upon completion of their indenture, geisha could be left with no means of making a living. Marriage sometimes meant rescue, but the best that most geisha could hope for was to become a man's mistress. Masuda also tells of her life after leaving the geisha house, painting a vivid panorama of the grinding poverty of the rural poor in wartime Japan. As she eked out an existence on the margins of Japanese society, earning money in odd jobs and hard labor--even falling in with Korean gangsters--Masuda experienced first hand the anguish and the fortitude of prostitutes, gangster mistresses, black-market traders, and abandoned mothers struggling to survive in postwar Japan. Happiness was always short-lived for Masuda, but she remained compassionate and did what she could to help others; indeed, in sharing her story, she hoped that others might not suffer as she had. Although barely able to write, her years of training in the arts of entertaining made her an accomplished storyteller, and Autobiography of a Geisha is as remarkable for its wit and humor as for its unromanticized candor. It is the superbly told tale of a woman whom fortune never favored yet never defeated.… (more)
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In essence, the life of Sayo Masuda is very similar to the geisha life described in Golden's book. At a young age she was indentured to a geisha house by her mother, who went on to marry and have further children by another man to Masuda's father. This is the tale of her life as she trains and becomes a practising geisha and further. It tells of the wide range of jobs and schemes she was involved in afterwards in her struggle to survive whilst bringing up her half-brother.
It is simply written, although the nuances of translation do not fully do justice to the distinction linguistically between the most basic form of Japanese that she wrote in and what would have been more usual in a written work, there being no equivalent distinction in English. What this does mean is that the writing seems very natural, almost as if the reader is privy to an audience with Masuda herself. She is certainly a narrator with whom I had no problem empathising. Her descriptions of all parts of her life came alive and provided a real view of what actual geisha life and ex-geisha life was in Japan during this time. It was fascinating to read the portrayal of the day-to-day existence she lived.
The difference between this and Golden's book lies not in the description (I was impressed, having read this, how accurate his portrayal of geisha life was), but in the ultimate genre of the book. This work, being non-fiction, held none of the soothing elements of Golden's tale - for Masuda, there was no simple happy ending for life doesn't provide them in the way a fiction novel does. Her tragedies and heartbreaks were real and this resonates with the reader. Her life as a geisha was skirting around the edges of what could be described as prostitution. Whereas in Golden's book, the focus was strongly on the level of the artisan, here we are aware that the reality was placed more firmly in the arena of the courtesan.
Perhaps the most poignant moment of the whole novel is the 'Afterword', where G.G.Rowley (the translator) gives a brief description of his attempts to meet Masuda. I will leave it to you to find this yourself, but will go so far as to say that this, above all, shows the wide reaching personal implications of geisha life.
I can strongly recommend this book as both an historic record and a personal history. If you have already read 'Memoirs of a Geisha', then it is essential background reading. If you haven't, then it is a poignant and sensitive portrait of an individual and a culture foreign to the Western mind but not so alien as to be dismissed with detachment.
(To think that many people today in pampered, well-fed, kitsch-burden Japan are living with these memories. And they were still middle-aged when I lived in Japan.)
I suppose a great deal of credit goes to the editor, who coached such moving details from this unschooled, illegitimate girl, whose first memories were of being a "nursie" babysitter to a landowner's children. She didn't know her own name when her mother turns up when she was about 12--only to indenture her onward to become a hot springs geisha. (The indentured terms--still like that in Thailand, in the massage parlors and the lower brothels that aren't quite the slave quarters.) But Sayo did have these acute feelings. Especially with her affectionate little brother, she conjures up the details that made him so precious to her.
Anthropologist Lisa Dahlby and later, Arthur Golden in his novel (Geisha) made a persuasive case that there certainly were much worse alternatives for poor women than becoming geisha of the high end Kyoto district. A hot springs geisha in a tourist town was much more low rent; it was questionable whether a woman picked up much in the way of musical skills and the patron possibilities were, as we see here, more on the order of local yakuza. But it wasn't the lowest rung on the prostitute ladder, not by a long shot. Yet we have one young woman allowing herself to die untreated of a venereal disease, another committing suicide, and Sayo herself attempting to kill herself. The good old days were better for women, right?
The houses were closed down in 1943 and it doesn't occur to Sayo to go back to the trade--instead she scrabbles for food in the countryside (!) of Chiba that she can being back for sale in the city. She works alongside Koreans, a reformed murderer (who had done despicable things in China) and of course has to deal with gangsters.
When she needs money for her ill brother in the postwar period, she does sell herself again, without providing any details, she does turn to prostitution briefly, though whether this was brothel work or what, she doesn't tell.
I think anyone familiar with Japan will be very surprised that such a sympathetic memoir, of a despised woman and class, was first published in the 1950s as a piece in a woman's magazine--and later in the early 1960s, as a short, page turner of a book.
Amazing to me that she was in her early 30s when she "wrote" this, with an attitude that her life was just about over and yet in 2002, at the time of translation, she was still alive, living anonymously in Tokyo. I respect the translator and Japanese editor for protecting Masuda-san's privacy but I so want to know what happened to her after the book was published, enabling her to live comfortably for the rest of her life. I'm sure that her mother, if alive, and the other half-siblings (whom she must have met for a few days at age 12) rediscovered her. I hoped she found some children to adopt.
And there must be loads of movie and TV adaptations?
Masuda-san was sold by her parents to act as
But life after being a geisha was harsh. Masuda-san did many jobs to try and look after her brother: mistress, collecting and selling food, selling soap on the black market and waitressing. The poverty after WWII is tangible. Masuda-san only told her story to a women’s magazine to try to win a prize. She did, and fifty years later, her book is still in publication and translated into English.
This story is poignant as it tells of the stigma forever attached to geisha at this time (will people find out Masuda-san’s history?) and the running away from love as to avoid that stigma for her beloved. It’s not a pretty picture, but a very compelling one.
Sayo Masuda's memoir gives an unembellished, unromanticized view of what it was really like to live and work as a geisha. It's a story of extreme poverty and oppression, but her resilience, spirit and humor shine through. It feels to me as though