Status
Available
Call number
Publication
Upper Saddle River, N.J. : Prentice Hall
ISBN
0130991619 / 9780130991614
Description
This brief summary of the issues of biomedical ethics provides a balanced, systematic, unbiased framework designed to help health professionals an lay people understand and analyze a wide range of topics that are currently controversial in medicine or that are likely to arise in the future.Broad in scope, it considers ethical systems from various religious and secular traditions, including those of non-western cultures such as Asian religious and secular traditions. Topics include the history of codes of ethics; the definition of death, abortion, animal rights and welfare; problems in deciding what will benefit patients; confidentiality, truth-telling, informed consent; the care of the terminally ill; genetics, birth technologies; and problems of social ethics, including resource allocation, organ transplant, and human subjects research.For use in allied health fields.… (more)
Local notes
CONTENTS:
1. A map of the terrain of ethics
The levels of moral discourse
The level of the case
Rules and rights (codes of ethics)
Normative ethics
Metaethics
A full theory of bioethics
Key concepts
Bibliography
Works on basic ethics
Works on biomedical ethics
2. The Hippocratic oath and its challengers : a brief history
The Hippocratic tradition
The Hippocratic oath
Modern codes in the Hippocratic tradition
The collapse of the Hippocratic tradition
Codes and oaths breaking with the Hippocratic tradition
Sources from outside professional medicine
Key concepts
Endnotes for chapter 2
Bibliography
3. Defining death, abortion, and animal welfare : the basis of moral standing
Persons, humans, and individuals : the language of moral standing
The concept of moral standing
Moral and nonmoral uses of the term person
Moral and nonmoral uses of the word human
Defining death
A cardiac definition of death
A whole-brain-oriented definition of death
The higher-brain definition of death
Definitions and moral standing
Abortion
Symmetry between definition of death and abortion
Possible basis for a breakdown in the symmetry
The moral status of non-human animals
Key concepts
Endnotes for chapter 3
Bibliography
The definition of death
Abortion
Moral standing of non-human animals
4. Problems in benefiting and avoiding harm to the patient
What counts as a benefit?
Subjective vs. objective estimates of benefit and harm
Medical vs. other personal benefits
Conflicting goals within the medical sphere
Ways to balance benefits and harms
Bentham and arithmetic summing
Comparing the ration of benefits to harms
First of all, do no harm
The problem of medical paternalism
Key concepts
Endnotes for chapter 4
Bibliography
5. The ethics of respect for persons : lying, cheating, and breaking promises and why
Physicians have considered them ethical
The principle of fidelity
The ethics of confidentiality
The principle of autonomy and the doctrine of informed consent
The concept of autonomy
Positive and negative rights
Informed consent, autonomy, and therapeutic privilege
Standards of disclosure for consent to be adequately informed
The principle of veracity : lying and the duty to tell the truth
The change in physician attitudes
Accounting for the change in attitudes
Key concepts
Endnotes for chapter 5
Bibliography.
6. The principle of avoiding killing
Active killing vs. allowing to die
Distinguishing active killing from allowing to die
New legal initiatives for physician-assisted suicide
Stopping vs. not starting
The distinction between direct and indirect killing
The distinction between ordinary and extraordinary means
The meaning of the terms
The criteria for classifying treatments morally expendable
The subjectivity of all benefit and harm assessments
Withholding food, fluids, CPR, and medications
Key concepts
Endnotes for chapter 6
Bibliography
7. Death and dying : the incompetent patient
Formerly competent patients
The principle of autonomy extended
Substituted judgment
Going beyond advance directives
Mechanisms for expressing wishes
Issues to be addressed in an advance directive
Never-competent patients without family or other pre-existing surrogates
The principles
The legal standard
Who should be the surrogate?
Never-competent patients with family surrogates
What is the standard underlying this family discretion?
Key concepts
Endnotes
Bibliography
8. Social ethics of medicine : allocation of resources, transplantation, and human subjects
research
The need for a social ethic for medicine
The limits of the ethics of individual relations
The social ethical principles for medical ethics
Allocation of health care resources
The demand for health care services
The inevitability of rationing
Ethical responses to the pressures for cost containment
The role of the clinician in allocation decisions
Organ transplantation
Is performing transplants "playing God"?
Procurement of organs
Organ allocation
Research involving human subjects
Distinguishing research and innovative therapy
Social ethics for research involving human subjects
Key concepts
Endnotes for chapter 8
Bibliography
Social ethical theory
Allocation of scarce medical resources
Organ transplantation
Research involving human subjects
9. Human control of life : genetics, birth technologies and modifying human nature
The human as created and as creator
Medical manipulation as playing God
Having dominion over the earth
Genetics and the control of human reproduction
Genetics
New reproductive technologies
Key concepts
Endnotes for chapter 9
Bibliography
10. Resolving conflicts among principles
Different concepts of duty
Absolute, exceptionless duties
Prima facie duties
Duty proper
Theories of conflict resolution
Single principle theories
Ranking (lexically ordering) principles
Balancing
Combining ranking and balancing
Ways of reconciling social utility and justice
Translating principles to rules
Conclusion
Key concepts
Endnotes
Bibliography
11. The virtues in bioethics
Virtue lists
Professional virtues
Secular virtues
Religious virtues
Care as a virtue
Problems with the virtues
The wrong virtue problem
The naked virtue problem
Conclusion
Key concepts
Bibliography
Appendix
Hippocratic oath
Principles of medical ethics (2001) of the American Medical Association.
1. A map of the terrain of ethics
The levels of moral discourse
The level of the case
Rules and rights (codes of ethics)
Normative ethics
Metaethics
A full theory of bioethics
Key concepts
Bibliography
Works on basic ethics
Works on biomedical ethics
2. The Hippocratic oath and its challengers : a brief history
The Hippocratic tradition
The Hippocratic oath
Modern codes in the Hippocratic tradition
The collapse of the Hippocratic tradition
Codes and oaths breaking with the Hippocratic tradition
Sources from outside professional medicine
Key concepts
Endnotes for chapter 2
Bibliography
3. Defining death, abortion, and animal welfare : the basis of moral standing
Persons, humans, and individuals : the language of moral standing
The concept of moral standing
Moral and nonmoral uses of the term person
Moral and nonmoral uses of the word human
Defining death
A cardiac definition of death
A whole-brain-oriented definition of death
The higher-brain definition of death
Definitions and moral standing
Abortion
Symmetry between definition of death and abortion
Possible basis for a breakdown in the symmetry
The moral status of non-human animals
Key concepts
Endnotes for chapter 3
Bibliography
The definition of death
Abortion
Moral standing of non-human animals
4. Problems in benefiting and avoiding harm to the patient
What counts as a benefit?
Subjective vs. objective estimates of benefit and harm
Medical vs. other personal benefits
Conflicting goals within the medical sphere
Ways to balance benefits and harms
Bentham and arithmetic summing
Comparing the ration of benefits to harms
First of all, do no harm
The problem of medical paternalism
Key concepts
Endnotes for chapter 4
Bibliography
5. The ethics of respect for persons : lying, cheating, and breaking promises and why
Physicians have considered them ethical
The principle of fidelity
The ethics of confidentiality
The principle of autonomy and the doctrine of informed consent
The concept of autonomy
Positive and negative rights
Informed consent, autonomy, and therapeutic privilege
Standards of disclosure for consent to be adequately informed
The principle of veracity : lying and the duty to tell the truth
The change in physician attitudes
Accounting for the change in attitudes
Key concepts
Endnotes for chapter 5
Bibliography.
6. The principle of avoiding killing
Active killing vs. allowing to die
Distinguishing active killing from allowing to die
New legal initiatives for physician-assisted suicide
Stopping vs. not starting
The distinction between direct and indirect killing
The distinction between ordinary and extraordinary means
The meaning of the terms
The criteria for classifying treatments morally expendable
The subjectivity of all benefit and harm assessments
Withholding food, fluids, CPR, and medications
Key concepts
Endnotes for chapter 6
Bibliography
7. Death and dying : the incompetent patient
Formerly competent patients
The principle of autonomy extended
Substituted judgment
Going beyond advance directives
Mechanisms for expressing wishes
Issues to be addressed in an advance directive
Never-competent patients without family or other pre-existing surrogates
The principles
The legal standard
Who should be the surrogate?
Never-competent patients with family surrogates
What is the standard underlying this family discretion?
Key concepts
Endnotes
Bibliography
8. Social ethics of medicine : allocation of resources, transplantation, and human subjects
research
The need for a social ethic for medicine
The limits of the ethics of individual relations
The social ethical principles for medical ethics
Allocation of health care resources
The demand for health care services
The inevitability of rationing
Ethical responses to the pressures for cost containment
The role of the clinician in allocation decisions
Organ transplantation
Is performing transplants "playing God"?
Procurement of organs
Organ allocation
Research involving human subjects
Distinguishing research and innovative therapy
Social ethics for research involving human subjects
Key concepts
Endnotes for chapter 8
Bibliography
Social ethical theory
Allocation of scarce medical resources
Organ transplantation
Research involving human subjects
9. Human control of life : genetics, birth technologies and modifying human nature
The human as created and as creator
Medical manipulation as playing God
Having dominion over the earth
Genetics and the control of human reproduction
Genetics
New reproductive technologies
Key concepts
Endnotes for chapter 9
Bibliography
10. Resolving conflicts among principles
Different concepts of duty
Absolute, exceptionless duties
Prima facie duties
Duty proper
Theories of conflict resolution
Single principle theories
Ranking (lexically ordering) principles
Balancing
Combining ranking and balancing
Ways of reconciling social utility and justice
Translating principles to rules
Conclusion
Key concepts
Endnotes
Bibliography
11. The virtues in bioethics
Virtue lists
Professional virtues
Secular virtues
Religious virtues
Care as a virtue
Problems with the virtues
The wrong virtue problem
The naked virtue problem
Conclusion
Key concepts
Bibliography
Appendix
Hippocratic oath
Principles of medical ethics (2001) of the American Medical Association.
Other editions
The Basics of Bioethics by RobertM. Veatch (Ebook)