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"The full inside story of the breathtaking rise and shocking collapse of Theranos--the Enron of Silicon Valley--by the prize-winning journalist who first broke the story and pursued it to the end in the face of pressure and threats from the CEO and her lawyers. In 2014, Theranos founder and CEO Elizabeth Holmes was widely seen as the female Steve Jobs: a brilliant Stanford dropout whose startup "unicorn" promised to revolutionize the medical industry with a machine that would make blood tests significantly faster and easier. Backed by investors such as Larry Ellison and Tim Draper, Theranos sold shares in an early fundraising round that valued the company at $9 billion, putting Holmes's worth at an estimated $4.7 billion. There was just one problem: the technology didn't work. For years, Holmes had been misleading investors, FDA officials, and her own employees. When Carreyrou, working at the Wall Street Journal, got a tip from a former Theranos employee and started asking questions, both Carreyrou and the Journal were threatened with lawsuits. Undaunted, the newspaper ran the first of dozens of Theranos articles in late 2015. By early 2017, the company's value was zero and Holmes faced potential legal action from the government and her investors. Here is the riveting story of the biggest corporate fraud since Enron, a disturbing cautionary tale set amid the bold promises and gold-rush frenzy of Silicon Valley"--… (more)
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Carreyrou is in the story, and he mentions some of the investigative work he does, but what he never touches on—probably wisely, given the book's tone and scope—is how incredibly exciting, and probably often terrifying, bringing this story to light must have been. I'm very glad he turned it into a book, though, and recommend it all around.
This book is completely riveting. The writing is very good and Carreyrou's evidence and argument is well-organized thematically, without letting the reader lose track of the timeline. I gulped down multiple chapters at a time that overflowed with connections to my work, to other Silicon Valley/startup drama (Facebook, Elon Musk, Uber, Juicero), and to our current presidential situation. This story has everything: flouting of FDA regulations, famous old white men with more money than sense, non-disclosure agreements, test results faked from halfway across the globe, Halloween parties.... It would be a great romp if it didn't also involve thousands of people getting incorrect medical tests. We're used to startup culture being bizarre, but this put people's lives at risk.
This book was rushed to publication early 2018 to coincide with Holmes' indictment for fraud. It shows in the later 10-20%, where the book kind of falls apart. This book feels like really great background to a different book that Carreyrou will hopefully write 5 to 10 years from now. It was good to get everything down on paper and out in the public, but it's too recent for any decent hindsight.
The only substantive problem I had with the book was the role in the story of Sunny Balwani. Though not a major character in this book, he was COO and president of Theranos while secretly in a cohabitating romantic relationship with Holmes for at least eleven years. That's suspicious enough, even aside from the fact that he is 19 years older than her, and the two of them met while she was still in high school. Carreyrou acknowledges the bad optics of this situation, but states, "Employees who saw the two interact up close describe a partnership in which Holmes, even if she was almost twenty years younger, had the last say. Moreover, Balwani didn't join Theranos until late 2009. By then, Holmes had already been misleading pharmaceutical companies for years about the readiness of her technology." Certainly Holmes should not absolved of anything she did, but it wouldn't hurt to give Balwani more scrutiny and not try to wave away the possibility of abuse just because employees didn't see him abusing her.
If this kind of intrigue sounds interesting to you, or you'd like to get up-to-date on the latest news, read away! It's a good one. If you want to wait for a version of the story more polished and less myopic, I don't blame you.
Even so, the rise and fall of Theranos is a pretty good story. It's still shocking to consider that Holmes seems to have suckered everyone from Henry Kissinger to Chelsea Clinton to James Mattis to seasoned venture capitalists. If nothing else, "Bad Blood" is a warning about how easy it is for seemingly intelligent people to get it completely wrong. While Carreyrou does point out that very few of Theranos's backers had a background in pathology or medical devices, the reader is more or less left to conclude that Holmes got an amazing amount of mileage out of her personality, her good looks, and people's desire to ride the technological wave she promised them was on its way. The portrait of Holmes he paints here is certainly arresting: beautiful but socially aggressive and bent on control, she repeats falsehoods with remarkable ease throughout "Bad Blood" and seems to have a bottomless appetite for power and control, along with a taste for expensive parties. What's especially chilling, especially in light of our current concern about internet privacy and data breeches, is the company's obsession with secrecy and security. It's eerie to see Holmes, her boyfriend, and their lawyers effectively weaponize many of the technologies that Silicon Valley developed for their own benefit, particularly since Sunny, Holmes's boyfriend, comes off as a straight-up bully and minor-league thug. What's even weirder is the propagandizing that went on within the company itself: Theranos seems to have taken standard internet age optimism to a creepy extreme, and Holmes herself seems to have seen herself as a figure of world-historical importance. Some of the behavior described in this book seems more appropriate to a cult than a company.. It's honestly heartening to see that a lot of employees and former employees shrugged a lot of this off and made fun of their egomaniacal, controlling bosses behind their backs. What's also heartening is the courage that this story's whistleblowers, most of whom became Carreyou's sources, showed in the months that led up to the company's downfall. Theranos's lawyers were exceptionally ruthless, and many of those who spoke up were threatened, intimidated, and even surveilled. The author points out the obvious in his acknowledgements section when he calls them the real heroes of this story. "Bad Blood" itself would seem to make that absolutely indisputable.
The fact that she conned men like George Schultz, Henry
The most unsettling thing about the story is not that it was the rule of law that brought her down, it was good investigative journalism that brought her to the attention of the regulatory system and the legal system.
I came across this book because of an interview of John Carreyrou on Preet Bharara's blog: Stay Tuned with Preet. Am so glad I did!
Bad Blood tells the terrible story of Theranos and its founder, Elizabeth Holmes. She took the Silicon Valley habit of vaporware and “fake it ’til you make it” to medical devices. The Theranos machines were unreliable, if they worked at all. Bad
To be a bit sympathetic to Ms. Holmes, it wasn’t all about the money. I’m sure she enjoyed the public admiration and accolades. The book doesn’t have her talking about rolling in piles of cash. Ms. Holmes was passionate about her vision of a revolution in health care to save lives and improve health outcomes. She was motivating the Theranos employees to go along with the bad acts to achieve the revolution.
She believed the entrenched blood testing laboratories, Quest Diagnostics and LabCorp, were out to stop her and stop the revolution. Doubts about the viability of Theranos’s products were perceived by Holmes as sabotage by the entrenched blood testing companies.
At some point she embraced the limelight and began believing her vision was working. Facts just got in the way. Success at the company was more likely if you told Ms. Holmes what she wanted to hear.
The company failed at corporate governance. Ms. Holmes had nearly all of the voting rights. There was no check on her power. The powerless board was full of statesman, not professional investors, corporate managers or medical experts. A Board of Directors with Henry Kissinger, former Secretary of State George Shultz, William Perry (former Secretary of Defense), , Sam Nunn (former U.S. Senator), and James Mattis (General, USMC) is impressive. But they brought no expertise or guidance for a medical device start up.
This would make a perfect episode on the British science fiction anthology,
This is scary, jaw-dropping reporting and this prize-winning journalist, (who broke the case) does a stellar job, turning this story into a fascinating, sometimes unsettling, read. I am not sure if Elizabeth Holmes, is going to prison or not, (she definitely deserves it) but if she doesn't I bet our current Commander in Chief, would love to have her in his cabinet.
Anyone who enjoys a true story about shady people who (for the most part) get what’s coming to them.
In a nutshell:
An experienced Elizabeth Holmes convinces a lot of people that she is on to the next big thing in biotechnology. She isn’t, and she gets VERY touchy when people point that
Worth quoting:
N/A
Why I chose it:
I listened to the podcast “The Drop Out,” which is just a few episodes long, but was definitely enough to get me interested.
Review:
Oh MY god did I love this book. I purchased the audio version and planned to listen to it during some long runs I have coming up. Instead, I could barely put it down, and listened to it every chance I got. It is a meticulously researched book, and Carreyrou explains complicated things (like how blood tests work) in ways that are not condescending or difficult to understand. The story develops slowly but never drags, as Carreyrou lays out the entire fiasco step by step.
What it comes down to is the Elisabeth Holmes was — is — a fraud. I think she started out with an idea (blood testing without the needles), and then became like a dog with a bone. She couldn’t and wouldn’t accept anyone disagreeing with her, because she was going to change the world. I don’t believe she was motivated by greed or money; I think she was fully motivated by her ego. She couldn’t dare admit that she was in over her head, or that her company Theranos wasn’t able to do what she promised; she just kept lying to others (and possibly herself) in the hopes that everything would work itself out.
The story is at times unbelievable. The number of attorneys involved. The cloak and dagger way the company treated its ‘trade secrets.’ The threatening letters. The lawsuits. The firings of anyone who questions anything. To think that people act this way — and think it is justified — is distressing to say the least. And frankly, I reserve about as much disgust for the attorneys who did Elisabeth Holmes’s bidding as I do for Holmes and her C-suite colleagues. The way the tormented people is offensive.
One area I think could have been developed a little bit more is the exploration of what the failures of the blood testing did to people’s lives. Carreyrou does share some stories of those who were harmed — such as a woman who ended up with $3,000 in unnecessary medical bills — but that can at times get lost in the story. And of course many of the whistle-blowers were motivated by the danger that faulty blood testing can cause, but it still wasn’t necessarily woven in as much as I would have liked. But that’s a very minor quibble, because it’s definitely discussed.
A little more than halfway through the book, the author become part of the story. It’s a slightly dramatic moment, but I think it is handled very well. The investigation of the Wall Street Journal article that predates the book is a huge reason why Theranos has been sued and why some of its leadership have been charged with crimes. It would be impossible for him to stay out of it, and the book would have suffered greatly without his perspective being shared in this way.
There were many moment when I got so angry at the things people were getting away with, but the last couple of chapters — I mean, there are some serious just deserts being served. It’s chef’s kiss come to life.
Keep it / Pass to a Friend / Donate it / Toss it: Keep it. And probably listen again soon.
Also, an example of pack mentality investing. Frightening.
The village of her non scientific backers is disheartening. And these are the people claiming to run the country.
Yet Elizabeth Holmes, and all the investors, and people who empower her, are banal to me. I work as a contractor in Turkey. I've worked in startups and corporate environments.
Having said that, I congratulate John Carreyrou for his journalism. It's people like him who make us hopeful for the future.
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