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"From the National Book Award-winning and best-selling author Timothy Egan comes the epic story of one of the most fascinating and colorful Irishman in nineteenth-century America. The Irish-American story, with all its twists and triumphs, is told through the improbable life of one man. A dashing young orator during the Great Famine of the 1840s, in which a million of his Irish countrymen died, Thomas Francis Meagher led a failed uprising against British rule, for which he was banished to a Tasmanian prison colony. He escaped and six months later was heralded in the streets of New York--the revolutionary hero, back from the dead, at the dawn of the great Irish immigration to America. Meagher's rebirth in America included his leading the newly formed Irish Brigade from New York in many of the fiercest battles of the Civil War--Bull Run, Antietam, Fredericksburg. Twice shot from his horse while leading charges, left for dead in the Virginia mud, Meagher's dream was that Irish-American troops, seasoned by war, would return to Ireland and liberate their homeland from British rule. The hero's last chapter, as territorial governor of Montana, was a romantic quest for a true home in the far frontier. His death has long been a mystery to which Egan brings haunting, colorful new evidence"--… (more)
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Timothy Egan's latest narrative non-fiction tells a different story. I had no idea that Meagher is revered as an Irish champion and a Civil War hero.
Thomas Meagher was born in Ireland, the heir of the ancient Waterford estate, still a rich and powerful family in Ireland under the British rule.
He was enraged by the British treatment of the Irish during the Potato Famine. This was a time when a million Irish died of starvation, another millions more died of disease or fled the country in what came to be known as 'coffin ships'. Yet during this time, Ireland was still exporting food to Britain – including grains, and meat in quantities which would have easily ended the starvation. The Irish worked in the fields of their British landlords, producing this food in a system that bore a strong resemblance to slavery. In exchange for their work, they were given small plots of land to raise food for themselves. These plots were small enough that the only crop productive enough to feed a family was potatoes. So when a devastating new blight rotted the potato plants in the fields, their subsistence crop was gone and the Irish had no access to the crops they were growing for their British landlords.
Enraged by this callous treatment that was causing the loss of so many lives, Meagher and others began calling for Irish Independence, in a movement that came to be known as The Young Irish Rebellion. Meagher, as one of the leaders, was betrayed, caught and sentenced to execution. At the last minute, Meagher's sentence was commuted to banishment for life from Ireland and his ancestral estates. He was transported to the Australian penal colony of Tasmania.
His life there was fascinating as was his subsequent escape to America.
Once in the United States, it became clear that the Irish were held in contempt. It was partly to alleviate this feeling and bring honor to the Irish name, that Meagher organized the Irish regiment that fought for the North in the US Civil War. With Meagher as general, the regiment was pivotal in many important battles. But however well and nobly they fought, and even honored by President Lincoln himself, there was still strong prejudice against them in many parts of the popular press and US society.
After the war, Meagher headed to Montana Territory. He dreamed of establishing an Irish homeland there, much as the Mormons had done in Utah. He was appointed the first governor of Montana. However, he immediately fell afoul of the Vigilantes, who believed they had the law in their hands and who were both anti-Catholic and as anti-Irish.
After numerous death threats from the Vigilantes, Meagher mysteriously fell from a steamboat on the Missouri River, and, although a strong swimmer, apparently drowned in a few feet of water. His body was never found.
Thomas Dimsdale, a prominent member of the Vigilantes and author of the subsequently popular book [The Vigilantes of Montana], was the one to write Meagher's history in Montana. Not until I heard Timothy Egan speak and then read this book, did I realize the different version of Meagher's life, and understand that his reputation in Montana may have been carefully crafted by political enemies.
Meagher - a son of Ireland, revolutionary, victim of British "justice", prisoner in Tasmania, escapee, immigrant to America, respected speaker, Civil War general, Montana politician, and
Thomas's involvement in the movement led him to be convicted and sentenced to "transportation" which mean a prison on the island of what is now Tasmania, an island off the coast of Australia used by the British as a place to send convicts. Because he was of aristocratic background, he was warded some freedom on the island, but once again his rebellion led him to a more severe part of the island. During his time in Tasmania, Thomas met and fell in love with the daughter of another convict, Catherine Bennett. Thomas' fellow Irishmen felt he was marrying far beneath himself and refused to attend the wedding. Finally unable to remain a prisoner, Thomas planned an escape with the help of his father' money. Since Catherine was pregnant, she was unable to go with him. Thomas was able to make a harrowing escape and eventually wound up in New York, since there was no way he could go back to Ireland. Eventually Catherine was able to travel to Ireland under the care of her father-in-law; there she gave birth to a son but died in childbirth.
The story then moves to the United States and the coming of the Civil War. The Irish were emigrating by droves into the US due to the famine in Ireland. They were the poorest of the poor and treated as such. Thomas was able to join up with several of his earlier friends from the Young Ireland movement. There was much disagreement among the Irish on the cause of slavery. Irish themselves having been almost slaves in their own country, were fearful of the idea of freeing the American slaves due to many reasons, one of such was the lack of jobs.
Although he was never trained as a soldier, Meagher eventually got a "political appointment" as a military leader. He gathered many Irish into a battalion first known as the Zouaves and later as the 69th Battalion. His first commander was General Sherman who hated the Irish and treated them as farm animals; he made fun of their music and their love for poetry. There is much history to Meagher's time during the Civil War and his turn from Irish hero to one hated after the Draft Riots in New York City (the poor Irish rioted and destroyed much of the town over the fact that they were drafted and had to fight in place of richer men who could pay for replacements). Being Irish was a two-sided coin: praised for their extreme bravery, yet looked down upon for their poverty, inclination to drink and their love for poetry and music.
The book does a great job in outlining the dilemmas of Lincoln during the war.
During this time, Meagher meets his second wife, Elizabeth Townsend, the daughter of a wealthy New York. Libby, as she was known, fully supported Thomas in his efforts to fight for his new country and his efforts to free Ireland from British rule.
After the war, Meagher heads to the American frontier where he wanted to establish a New Ireland in the area of Montana. Totally without law and order, the territory was a mixture of Confederate deserters, Freemasons (who hated the Catholics), and outlaws. Meagher is appointed as acting governor of the territory but faced huge opposition.
His final days and mysterious death was on a riverboat where he was said to drown; however, there is much speculation as to his actual cause of death. There is a monument in Helena Montana of Meagher.
A well researched, interesting, and well-writing story of a man I had never heard of, but one that was such an influence to the Irish and played such an important part in the Civil War. Loved it!
A brilliant and literary orator, Meagher raised emotions on all
Egan's prose, as read by Gerard Doyle, is almost as lyrical as his subject and makes you wish you could go back to hear the great orator speak. Meagher packed much into his brief 43 years on earth, and Egan does an excellent job recounting the experiences of Meagher and those around him. Egan obviously thinks highly of Meagher, and even when listing some of his faults, does so with reasoned excuses and apologies.
Meagher's story is a compelling one, and provides a jumping off point for reading more about the colorful figures who surrounded him.
Well written and
The
There's an important point to understand here. The blight that caused the potato crop to fail in Ireland was a natural disaster, but the famine that followed wasn't. Ireland wasn't the only country where many relied on potatoes as a major part of their diet, and it wasn't the only country where that crop was struck by blight. It was the only country where this crop failure cause a widespread and lasting famine.
The United Kingdom had made a series of political decisions over the previous few centuries that made the Irish so dependent on the potato, and so dependent on scratching a living for large families from increasingly tiny patches of ground. Then they made another series of decisions, when the potato crop failed, not to divert any of the export crops to feeding Ireland's starving peasants, to make it easier for the absentee landlords to squeeze the peasants into giving up their land, and to obstruct foreign efforts to send food aide to Ireland. Notable sources of that help and of international pressure to allow the relief supplies in to Ireland were the USA and France, but they weren't the only sources.
In some ways, Egan is a bit hard on the English, many of whom contributed generously to private relief efforts for the Irish.
On the other hand, it was English commitment to its mercantilist policies, the deification of the "free market," and the profound English racism towards the Irish, that prevented the kind of large-scale efforts necessary to actually prevent the famine or end it once it began. Instead, the blight simply ran its course, over several years, while people starved, emigrated, or, condemned for crimes ranging from stealing a loaf of bread to feed the family to rebellion against British rule, and the population of Ireland was reduced by more than two million.
Thomas Francis Meagher was one of the transported, shipped off to Australia.
His crime wasn't stealing a loaf of bread. He was one of the leaders of the Rebellion of 1848, one of the leaders of the Young Ireland group of Irish nationalists more radical than the revered Daniel O'Connell.
Egan gives us a detailed and compelling account of Meagher's growth from prank-prone schoolboy to young poet and orator to leader of Young Ireland--and then his continued growth, development, and public life after the 1848 rebellion. Sentenced to life in Australia--specifically, the penal colony on the island now called Tasmania but was then known as Van Diemen's Land, he escaped to the United States. That one sentence captures nothing of either the events, or the man Meagher was becoming.
On arriving in San Francisco, he was feted as a hero, made his way to New York City, and very gradually got drawn in to the increasingly turbulent political events leading up to the Civil War. Meagher was still dedicated to the cause of Irish freedom, and initially felt the impending American Civil War, and the plight of the black slaves, was not his business. Yet despite himself it became his business, and he raised, and then commanded, and led into battle, the 69th New York Brigade--the Irish Brigade, or Meagher's Brigade.
This Irishman, this Catholic, the man who was still a condemned and wanted fugitive, became one of the most storied heroes of the Civil War. After the war, he studied law, worked as a journalist, gave speeches, and became acting governor of the Montana Territory. He was serving as Acting Governor when he died.
Egan does a much, much better job than I do of recounting all this. The role of Irish-Americans in the American Civil War is large and complicated, and there was an Irish Brigade on the Confederate side as well. Meagher himself didn't start out as an advocate of abolition, but evolved towards it eventually seeing it as the only path consistent with the same American values that had given him refuge.
His was a colorful, significant life, affecting history on three continents, and Egan does a marvelous job of recounting it.
A final, personal note: I've known for a long time that periodic outbursts of xenophobia have been one of the recurring features of American history, with the descendants--often the children--of each wave of immigrants condemning later waves as inherently unAmerican and diluting the pure and true character of the country. I hadn't quite realized until now that the same rants against the Irish in the 19th century, with simple word substitution, would be difficult to distinguish from today's rants against "Muslims" or "Mexicans." Food for thought!
Recommended.
I bought this book.
The book is well written and generally easy to follow, though
My only criticism is that the author seems to gloss over certain events which would have been significant both historically and for Thomas Meagher.
Fans of historical literature will enjoy this, as will people with a taste for Irish history or the history of the American Civil War.
This book reads like an adventure story, with Egan bringing history to life in an entertaining way. Not only do we find out what Meagher did during his eventful life, but also key elements of his character, making it easy to infer why he made certain choices. The author presents his theory, grounded in eye witness accounts, as to what happened to Thomas Meagher at the end of his life. Too much time has passed to know for sure, but he makes an interesting case. Recommended to history buffs. Contains grisly descriptions of what happened to soldiers during the Civil War and to victims of lawlessness in the Montana Territory.