Status
Available
Call number
Collections
Publication
London : Penguin Books, 2018.
Original publication date
2017-10-17
ISBN
9780141983387
Description
A dramatic account of how 19th-century Quaker surgeon Joseph Lister developed an antiseptic method that indelibly changed medicine, describes the practices and risks of early operating theaters as well as the belief systems of Lister's contemporaries.
User reviews
LibraryThing member setnahkt
An enjoyable biography of Joseph Lister, who introduced antiseptic surgery. Author Lindsey Fitzharris is a PhD in the history of science and medicine, and is also a talented and engaging writer. I’d heard of Lister, of course, but had always assumed he was Scotch; in fact he was a Quaker from
Fitzharris’ work is a good reminder of how grisly medicine used to be; hospitals were once places that killed you from infection and surgery was a last resort because it was usually fatal (Fitzharris quotes a famous example of a surgeon who was working so fast in an amputation that he accidentally cut off three of his assistant’s fingers. The patient died, the assistant died from infection, and a spectator died of a heart attack, meaning the surgery had a 300% fatality rate). The medical profession was conservative, resisting antiseptic surgery and even the germ theory of disease (although they bought into anesthesia fairly quickly). Lister himself was not perfect in this regard, placing a lot of confidence in a carbolic acid misting machine under the assumption that most infection was spread through the air. His use of carbolic acid – now correctly known as phenol – also caused some problems, as phenol is pretty nasty stuff if used carelessly (google “phenol burns” to see what I mean). However he was also an inveterate experimenter (to the extent that his students complained that his technique changed from one lecture to the next) so he kept improving his methods.
A pleasant and interesting read. No illustrations except the cover and front pages, which is probably just as well given the subject matter. No bibliography, although many references are given in the endnotes. Adequate index.
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Essex but did most of his medical work in Edinburgh. Fitzharris’ work is a good reminder of how grisly medicine used to be; hospitals were once places that killed you from infection and surgery was a last resort because it was usually fatal (Fitzharris quotes a famous example of a surgeon who was working so fast in an amputation that he accidentally cut off three of his assistant’s fingers. The patient died, the assistant died from infection, and a spectator died of a heart attack, meaning the surgery had a 300% fatality rate). The medical profession was conservative, resisting antiseptic surgery and even the germ theory of disease (although they bought into anesthesia fairly quickly). Lister himself was not perfect in this regard, placing a lot of confidence in a carbolic acid misting machine under the assumption that most infection was spread through the air. His use of carbolic acid – now correctly known as phenol – also caused some problems, as phenol is pretty nasty stuff if used carelessly (google “phenol burns” to see what I mean). However he was also an inveterate experimenter (to the extent that his students complained that his technique changed from one lecture to the next) so he kept improving his methods.
A pleasant and interesting read. No illustrations except the cover and front pages, which is probably just as well given the subject matter. No bibliography, although many references are given in the endnotes. Adequate index.
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LibraryThing member Roarer
An illuminating read. The improvement Lister made in surgical practice is remarkable, particularly as it was done in ignorance of the microbial causes of infection, and in the face of the vested interests of a pretty narrow-minded surgical fraternity. It is perhaps inevitable that the story comes
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to life when Fitzharris recounts surgery on identified patients, such as Queen Victoria at Balmoral, and when Lister operated on his sister on the family dining table in Glasgow. Show Less
LibraryThing member irregularreader
“Heroic medicine” is well named. Prior to the advent of anesthetics, patients were awake and aware for surgical procedures. The pain and horror of feeling a surgeon cutting into your body is something we now associate with a nightmare. Going through asurgery was nearly as likely to kill you as
Lindsey Fitzharris gives us a great view of Victorian medical practice, and of the scientific and medical theories and traditions that made the prevention of nosocomial (hospital-induced) infections so difficult. The Butchering Art is both a history and a biography. The book earns a place next to The Knife Man by Wendy Moore (about contemporaneous surgeon John Hunter) and The Ghost Map by Stephen Johnson (about Dr. John Snow, who helped trace a cholera outbreak in London to a single water pump).
Any history buff interested in the history of medicine will enjoy this book. More casual readers will likely also find this book to be entertaining and accessible. Beware though, Fitzharris provides several very accurate and vivid descriptions of Victorian-era surgeries, so the book is decidedly not for the faint of heart.
An advance copy of this book was provided by the publisher via NetGalley in exchange for an honest review.
Show More
not receiving treatment at all. With the discovery of ether, surgeons no longer had to restrict their operations to procedures which could be completed in minutes. With the field of surgery becoming ever more ambitious, post-surgical infections became the chief danger to patients. In a time before germ theory was accepted, opinions and practices used to treat or prevent infections (laudable pus, anyone?) varied widely, and with little success. In the 1860s, Quaker surgeon Joseph Lister set about trying to determine scientifically the causes of post-surgical infections, and how to best prevent these deadly conditions.Lindsey Fitzharris gives us a great view of Victorian medical practice, and of the scientific and medical theories and traditions that made the prevention of nosocomial (hospital-induced) infections so difficult. The Butchering Art is both a history and a biography. The book earns a place next to The Knife Man by Wendy Moore (about contemporaneous surgeon John Hunter) and The Ghost Map by Stephen Johnson (about Dr. John Snow, who helped trace a cholera outbreak in London to a single water pump).
Any history buff interested in the history of medicine will enjoy this book. More casual readers will likely also find this book to be entertaining and accessible. Beware though, Fitzharris provides several very accurate and vivid descriptions of Victorian-era surgeries, so the book is decidedly not for the faint of heart.
An advance copy of this book was provided by the publisher via NetGalley in exchange for an honest review.
Show Less
LibraryThing member jetangen4571
historical-places-events, medical, horror, nonfiction, surgery, infections ----------
If you thought battlefield surgery was brutal long before the present, hospital surgery and care was just as horrendous. In detailing the influences and motivations of the most influential doctor of the 19th
Two disclaimers: I have been a RN since 1968. Also, I had originally requested and received a free review copy via NetGalley, but was unable to sight read it. Recently I bought an audio copy and feel that Ralph Lister gave an exceptional audio performance as narrator. I also feel that his British accent is a definite plus.
If you thought battlefield surgery was brutal long before the present, hospital surgery and care was just as horrendous. In detailing the influences and motivations of the most influential doctor of the 19th
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century with regards to sepsis and antisepsis the reader is immersed in the horrors that comprised the hospital care of the day. If one is naive enough to believe that nosocomial infections are only a product of careless use of antibiotics today, this will set the record straight. It was a hard-won victory to convince such a hide bound profession to accept as truth what the microscope proved. Along the way the reader is given a glimpse of the judicial system and the horrors of the industrial revolution. Extremely well researched and graphically written. Two disclaimers: I have been a RN since 1968. Also, I had originally requested and received a free review copy via NetGalley, but was unable to sight read it. Recently I bought an audio copy and feel that Ralph Lister gave an exceptional audio performance as narrator. I also feel that his British accent is a definite plus.
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LibraryThing member jamespurcell
Early days in the world of surgery; when speed was essential and a sterile environment nonexistent. Joseph Lister's initial forays into cleanliness and antisepsis were not well received. A well written description of one of the pioneers of modern surgery. When you consider how difficult it is,
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still, to prevent infections; the Victorian operating suite and hospital were truly frightening in all aspects. Show Less
LibraryThing member RidgewayGirl
Back in the olden days, surgeons were valued not by their skill with a knife, but by their speed. Without anesthesia, surgery was the last resort of those in terrible pain and, indeed, most would die either from the surgery or soon afterwards from infection. One story has a surgeon completing an
The Butchering Art by Lindsey Fitzharris begins with the first uses of ether, which allowed surgeons to operate on more complex cases. Unfortunately, this new ability did not increase the chances of survival, since infection was still an unsurmountable danger in a world where surgeons would move directly from the autopsy table to the operating table to examining patients in hospital beds, all without changing their clothes or even washing their hands. Medical students were known for being fancy dressers and also by the filthiness of their shirts.
Into this world stepped Joseph Lister who, influenced by the work of Louis Pasteur, began to work with the idea of keeping wounds clean and free of contamination. This was a controversial stance to take in a world that thought that infection was caused by bad air and essentially unavoidable. But through patience, working to persuade people and by constant improvements in his own strategies for keeping wounds and incisions infection-free, Lister gradually changed how surgeries are performed and hospitals maintained.
Fitzharris does a good job in communicating the importance of Lister's work. The book loses momentum after Lister's methods became accepted, and she was mainly accounting for Lister's final years, but the story itself is compelling as long as the reader has a fairly strong stomach for the details of amputations and the varieties of bacterial infections common in nineteenth century hospitals.
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amputation in a mere 28 seconds, although he also managed to remove a testicle, three of his assistant's fingers and slice open a bystander's coat in the process. The patient died. As did the assistant and the bystander. The Butchering Art by Lindsey Fitzharris begins with the first uses of ether, which allowed surgeons to operate on more complex cases. Unfortunately, this new ability did not increase the chances of survival, since infection was still an unsurmountable danger in a world where surgeons would move directly from the autopsy table to the operating table to examining patients in hospital beds, all without changing their clothes or even washing their hands. Medical students were known for being fancy dressers and also by the filthiness of their shirts.
Into this world stepped Joseph Lister who, influenced by the work of Louis Pasteur, began to work with the idea of keeping wounds clean and free of contamination. This was a controversial stance to take in a world that thought that infection was caused by bad air and essentially unavoidable. But through patience, working to persuade people and by constant improvements in his own strategies for keeping wounds and incisions infection-free, Lister gradually changed how surgeries are performed and hospitals maintained.
Fitzharris does a good job in communicating the importance of Lister's work. The book loses momentum after Lister's methods became accepted, and she was mainly accounting for Lister's final years, but the story itself is compelling as long as the reader has a fairly strong stomach for the details of amputations and the varieties of bacterial infections common in nineteenth century hospitals.
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LibraryThing member waldhaus1
It is hard to imagine an era when the role of microbes in infection wasn't known or understood. I have associated Koch with spelling out the understanding of the involvement of bacteria in infections. He started Koch's postulates which are still the fundamental rules for demonstrating the
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relationship between bacteria and disease. A special treat was the capsule history of medicine in Edinburgh in the nineteenth century. Listers father also played a more important role than I would have guessed. No doubt the superior microscope he manufactured fostered his sons fascination with microbes. Show Less
LibraryThing member bnbookgirl
An interesting journey into Lister's life and his quest to make surgery less barbaric. The nineteenth centuries medical practices were appalling. Some of the book was hard to read because of the grisly nature of what they did and called surgery. This was our book club selection so there was much to
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talk about. Thank goodness for doctors like Lister and Pasteur; they believed there was a better way and they strived to find it. Show Less
LibraryThing member gpangel
The Butchering Art: Joseph Lister's Quest to Transform the Grisly World of Victorian Medicine by Lindsey Fitzharris is a 2017 Scientific American/Farrar Straus and Giroux publication.
Ghastly, but fascinating!
This is the true story of Joseph Lister, the surgeon, who in 1846 rendered surgery pain
Lister’s antiseptic theories were groundbreaking, but not especially popular. This led to a great deal of medical politics and backlash towards Lister. This is fascinating because of the mindset in the Victorian days by medical professionals.
However, you should be aware that some of the situations described are not for the faint of heart. While not purposely or gratuitously graphic, your imagination can fill in the blanks. I can’t imagine such primitive practices, or the idea that hospitals were not sanitized, especially the surgical tools. It’s very disgusting to think of, and it’s a wonder anyone survived.
Thank goodness for Joseph Lister and his antiseptic theory!! His life is captivating, and his scientific vision paved the way for medical advancements and a massive reduction in loss of life. He didn’t always have the right answers, but he was an amazing trailblazer in medicine and science.
The book has a bleak atmosphere, and conjures up all manner of appalling images, some of which left me feeling a little green around the gills, but ultimately this is an inspiring story, and I for one came away feeling grateful for Lister and his forward thinking and his tenacity in sticking to his guns when he came under fire.
Lister’s personal life is connected to his professional life in many ways, and is examined moderately, but is not the primary focus of the book. Mainly, the book is about Lister’s work, and often reads like a history textbook in some ways, but nevertheless, it is quite absorbing.
I highly recommend this book for anyone who enjoys science, health and medicine, or history- and has a strong stomach!
Ghastly, but fascinating!
This is the true story of Joseph Lister, the surgeon, who in 1846 rendered surgery pain
Show More
free by using ether. But, once surgery became more frequent, deaths occurred due to sepsis, and a myriad of other infections, prompting Lister to examine the prospect that germs, dirty surgical tools, and hospital cleanliness were to blame. Lister’s antiseptic theories were groundbreaking, but not especially popular. This led to a great deal of medical politics and backlash towards Lister. This is fascinating because of the mindset in the Victorian days by medical professionals.
However, you should be aware that some of the situations described are not for the faint of heart. While not purposely or gratuitously graphic, your imagination can fill in the blanks. I can’t imagine such primitive practices, or the idea that hospitals were not sanitized, especially the surgical tools. It’s very disgusting to think of, and it’s a wonder anyone survived.
Thank goodness for Joseph Lister and his antiseptic theory!! His life is captivating, and his scientific vision paved the way for medical advancements and a massive reduction in loss of life. He didn’t always have the right answers, but he was an amazing trailblazer in medicine and science.
The book has a bleak atmosphere, and conjures up all manner of appalling images, some of which left me feeling a little green around the gills, but ultimately this is an inspiring story, and I for one came away feeling grateful for Lister and his forward thinking and his tenacity in sticking to his guns when he came under fire.
Lister’s personal life is connected to his professional life in many ways, and is examined moderately, but is not the primary focus of the book. Mainly, the book is about Lister’s work, and often reads like a history textbook in some ways, but nevertheless, it is quite absorbing.
I highly recommend this book for anyone who enjoys science, health and medicine, or history- and has a strong stomach!
Show Less
LibraryThing member irregularreader
“Heroic medicine” is well named. Prior to the advent of anesthetics, patients were awake and aware for surgical procedures. The pain and horror of feeling a surgeon cutting into your body is something we now associate with a nightmare. Going through asurgery was nearly as likely to kill you as
Lindsey Fitzharris gives us a great view of Victorian medical practice, and of the scientific and medical theories and traditions that made the prevention of nosocomial (hospital-induced) infections so difficult. The Butchering Art is both a history and a biography. The book earns a place next to The Knife Man by Wendy Moore (about contemporaneous surgeon John Hunter) and The Ghost Map by Stephen Johnson (about Dr. John Snow, who helped trace a cholera outbreak in London to a single water pump).
Any history buff interested in the history of medicine will enjoy this book. More casual readers will likely also find this book to be entertaining and accessible. Beware though, Fitzharris provides several very accurate and vivid descriptions of Victorian-era surgeries, so the book is decidedly not for the faint of heart.
An advance copy of this book was provided by the publisher via NetGalley in exchange for an honest review.
Show More
not receiving treatment at all. With the discovery of ether, surgeons no longer had to restrict their operations to procedures which could be completed in minutes. With the field of surgery becoming ever more ambitious, post-surgical infections became the chief danger to patients. In a time before germ theory was accepted, opinions and practices used to treat or prevent infections (laudable pus, anyone?) varied widely, and with little success. In the 1860s, Quaker surgeon Joseph Lister set about trying to determine scientifically the causes of post-surgical infections, and how to best prevent these deadly conditions.Lindsey Fitzharris gives us a great view of Victorian medical practice, and of the scientific and medical theories and traditions that made the prevention of nosocomial (hospital-induced) infections so difficult. The Butchering Art is both a history and a biography. The book earns a place next to The Knife Man by Wendy Moore (about contemporaneous surgeon John Hunter) and The Ghost Map by Stephen Johnson (about Dr. John Snow, who helped trace a cholera outbreak in London to a single water pump).
Any history buff interested in the history of medicine will enjoy this book. More casual readers will likely also find this book to be entertaining and accessible. Beware though, Fitzharris provides several very accurate and vivid descriptions of Victorian-era surgeries, so the book is decidedly not for the faint of heart.
An advance copy of this book was provided by the publisher via NetGalley in exchange for an honest review.
Show Less
LibraryThing member PDCRead
Surgery prior to the nineteenth-century was brutal and messy. There was no anaesthetic and therefore the best people in the business were the fastest who could remove a leg from the hip in just one minute; yes one minute! Occasionally the knives and other tools were wiped before being used on the
He witnessed the beginnings of this revolution when he saw a man operated on under a crude anaesthetic; the operation was fast but he felt no pain waking later to ask when they were going to start. He was educated at University College London initially studying botany, but then registered as a medical student and graduated with honours as Bachelor of Medicine, and entered the Royal College of Surgeons. His first post was at the Edinburgh Royal Infirmary where he became the first assistant to James Syme and ended up marrying his daughter.
At this time the commonly accepted knowledge was that infections were airborne, caused by bad air, or miasma. Hospitals were aired to let out the bad air, but there were almost no facilities for washing hands and the bloodstained gowns were worn to show their experience to the watching crowds. But the understanding of how infections are passed was beginning to change with the work of Loius Pasteur. Whilst at the University of Glasgow, Lister undertook his own experiments and realised that cleaning the tools and the area around the wound with carbolic acid. He was one of the first to ensure that the surgeons under him wore clean gloves and wash their hands before and after each surgery. Just these simple acts meant that your chances of survival went from negligible to quite high. As with anything, changing the status quo is often trying to move a mountain, but the new intake were those that were inspired by the work that Lister was doing and were embracing the new way of doing things. Not everyone thought that he was right, so much so that the Lancet cautioned others against his radical ideas. Slowly his ideas were accepted with significant support from others, and he even operated on Queen Victoria herself to remove an abscess.
There is lots of blood, pus and gore in here as Fitzharris does not hold back when discussing the way things were; not one to read when you are having your lunch! Rightly he was called the father of modern surgery as countless people have benefited from his research and innovations. All these new ideas he developed meant that you were less likely to die just from being in the hospital. It is one of the better books that I have read on medical history, Fitzharris writes in an engaging way on a subject that is not going to appeal to everyone, but in amongst all the blood is the fascinating story of Joseph Lister. Can highly recommend this. 4.5 Stars
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next victim, I mean patient, but were often not. Tables were normally covered in the blood and gore of the previous unlucky patients and if the shock of the operation didn't kill you, then the infection that you got probably would. Something had to change and it was a man called Joseph Lister, a quiet Quaker Surgeon who was to start the medical revolution. He witnessed the beginnings of this revolution when he saw a man operated on under a crude anaesthetic; the operation was fast but he felt no pain waking later to ask when they were going to start. He was educated at University College London initially studying botany, but then registered as a medical student and graduated with honours as Bachelor of Medicine, and entered the Royal College of Surgeons. His first post was at the Edinburgh Royal Infirmary where he became the first assistant to James Syme and ended up marrying his daughter.
At this time the commonly accepted knowledge was that infections were airborne, caused by bad air, or miasma. Hospitals were aired to let out the bad air, but there were almost no facilities for washing hands and the bloodstained gowns were worn to show their experience to the watching crowds. But the understanding of how infections are passed was beginning to change with the work of Loius Pasteur. Whilst at the University of Glasgow, Lister undertook his own experiments and realised that cleaning the tools and the area around the wound with carbolic acid. He was one of the first to ensure that the surgeons under him wore clean gloves and wash their hands before and after each surgery. Just these simple acts meant that your chances of survival went from negligible to quite high. As with anything, changing the status quo is often trying to move a mountain, but the new intake were those that were inspired by the work that Lister was doing and were embracing the new way of doing things. Not everyone thought that he was right, so much so that the Lancet cautioned others against his radical ideas. Slowly his ideas were accepted with significant support from others, and he even operated on Queen Victoria herself to remove an abscess.
There is lots of blood, pus and gore in here as Fitzharris does not hold back when discussing the way things were; not one to read when you are having your lunch! Rightly he was called the father of modern surgery as countless people have benefited from his research and innovations. All these new ideas he developed meant that you were less likely to die just from being in the hospital. It is one of the better books that I have read on medical history, Fitzharris writes in an engaging way on a subject that is not going to appeal to everyone, but in amongst all the blood is the fascinating story of Joseph Lister. Can highly recommend this. 4.5 Stars
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LibraryThing member bgknighton
A history of the changing of surgery from the art of butchery to the art of healing. This was made possible by the invention of ether which would give surgeons time to do more than hack at their patients. The discovery of germs and antisepsis gave patients a chance to survive the new surgeries. It
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was Joseph Lister who made the study of germs, surgery, and antisepsis his life’s work and therefore saved millions of lives. Well written and comprehensive history and biography. Show Less
LibraryThing member starbox
Interesting account of the huge contribution made to modern medicine by surgeon Joseph Lister. A Quaker and child of a scientist, Listers early fascination with microscopes (his father's speciality) was to prove vital in his future career. At a time when hospitals were awash with disease, when
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anaesthesia was in its infancy...Lister's surgical techniques and, most especially, his obsession with understanding inflammation...led to a (miuch derided by his colleagues) belief in the existence of germs, and the life saving potential of antiseptics. Show Less
LibraryThing member JorgeousJotts
Well written book about a fascinating subject. I highlighted many lines that I think are worth revisiting, and learned a lot.
LibraryThing member EricCostello
A mixture of biography and of medical history, telling the story of how Joseph Lister developed certain theories that revolutionized the way surgical procedures were performed. For the most part, the book is very good at laying out the methods and process by which Lister developed his "antiseptic"
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theories, and the hurdles he had to overcome in getting those theories accepted by the medical community. When you think of it now, it seems strange that there would so much resistance (and in some cases, vicious resistance). Lister did have to overcome a number of professional disappointments in his career, though he had the advantage of deep support from both his father and his father-in-law (and boss!) that helped him greatly. What strikes me as surprising is that there are no illustrations whatsoever in the book -- even given how graphic some of the descriptions can be (and portions of the book should not be read near mealtimes), illustrations of what's going on would have helped. There's not even a picture of Lister himself -- the cover, indeed, shows one of Lister's bitter American critics. The book also, for the most part, cuts off in the 1870s, in spite of the fact (briefly noted) that Lister continued his research and theorizing nearly until his death in 1912. Otherwise, an interesting book, I thought. Show Less
LibraryThing member greeniezona
I read this book on vacation, and it did exactly what I hoped for when I put it in my vacation pile: as a history of science/medicine, it provided dozens of harrowing/fascinating anecdotes to read aloud to my husband as he drove. We met up with my parents on vacation, and when I finished it I
A throughly compelling medical history.
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immediately lent it to my dad, who started reading it in the quiet evenings back at our cabin after spending the day at Yellowstone -- then he took it home with him to finish reading it.A throughly compelling medical history.
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LibraryThing member markm2315
A very nice quotation-rich biography of Joseph Lister. I especially enjoyed the discussion of all of his opponents and their various comments. They remind me of the definition of an expert - the person most surprised by news to the contrary. There are many other entertaining and enlightening items
I was hoping to see some mention of the fact that Lister worked in his filthy street clothes and without gloves (first used by Halstead), even while spraying carbolic acid in the air, and some mention of Lister and Robert Koch.
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Some relatively trivial complaints:
One may look or even gaze into a microscope, but one does not "squint" into one. The author says on page 168, that mycobacterial psoas abscesses were prone to infection, but they are, of course, already infected, and I think she means, superinfection. When Lister looked at slide preparations of bone tumors, he was examining their histology - to say he was examining their cell structure is slightly misleading, especially considering the stains that he had available to him. Also, I understand that books need to be sold, but the title of this one seems unnecessarily tawdry.
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e.g. that Lister had an "unreasoned dread of wet feet", the term phagedenic ulcer, Friederich Engels' comment about the poverty in Glasgow, Lister's lecturing technique, the origin of Listerine, Lister and Robert Wood Johnson, etc.I was hoping to see some mention of the fact that Lister worked in his filthy street clothes and without gloves (first used by Halstead), even while spraying carbolic acid in the air, and some mention of Lister and Robert Koch.
===========================
Some relatively trivial complaints:
One may look or even gaze into a microscope, but one does not "squint" into one. The author says on page 168, that mycobacterial psoas abscesses were prone to infection, but they are, of course, already infected, and I think she means, superinfection. When Lister looked at slide preparations of bone tumors, he was examining their histology - to say he was examining their cell structure is slightly misleading, especially considering the stains that he had available to him. Also, I understand that books need to be sold, but the title of this one seems unnecessarily tawdry.
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LibraryThing member MugsyNoir
Lindsey Fitzharris has written of a slice of medical and science history that laid the groundwork for leaps in surgical progress, and one of the figures, Joseph Lister, who was responsible for setting the course for that progress. It is frightening to consider how perilous it once was to be treated
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by the best medical minds. Fitzharris has the reader flinching over how terrible surgical care once was and cheering on Lister as he takes each agonizing step towards a brighter, healthier practice of surgery. This is how science history should be presented. Hooray for Lindsey Fitzharris and good luck on her future efforts. Show Less
Call number
B LISTER FIT