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Fiction. Literature. Thriller. HTML: A literary prank leads to deadly danger in this "endlessly diverting" intellectual thriller by the author of The Name of the Rose (Time). Bored with their work, three Milanese book editors cook up an elaborate hoax that connects the medieval Knights Templar with occult groups across the centuries. Becoming obsessed with their own creation, they produce a map indicating the geographical point from which all the powers of the earth can be controlled??a point located in Paris, France, at Foucault's Pendulum. But in a fateful turn the joke becomes all too real. When occult groups, including Satanists, get wind of the Plan, they go so far as to kill one of the editors in their quest to gain control of the earth. Orchestrating these and other diverse characters into his multilayered semiotic adventure, Umberto Eco has created a superb cerebral entertainment. "An intellectual adventure story...sensational, thrilling, and packed with arcana."??The Washington Post Book World… (more)
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I also love how you don't know - you're set up in the opposite way from the Dan Browns, where the arrogant representative of modern science or whatever is comeupped by the ancient mysteries which are O SO REAL; here, you're like, yes, erudite Eco is having fun in many languages for the dry satirical amusement of cultivated intellectuals like me (Burgess was right - to get the most out of this book you really have to be a polyglot with an index), and the conspiracy stuff is low culture via Barthes, and there is a point to be made about truth and postmodernism and slavery and freedom and the other Foucault, the book's non-namesake, but it would be declasse to make it" - but then, shocker, you actually buy in. you're like, oh crap, Umberto is actually telling a fantastical adventure story! Believe, crabbed self, and quickly, before anyone realizes you were taken in by the clearly marked skeptic's path! Excelsior!
And for once I will self-edit and not give away the ending, but of course it's not simple "it's real." It is something altogether more (real, and) poignant, and sad.
Structured like the Jewish Kabbaleh, the story is an occult phantasmagoria. In Milan three editors of scholarly publications, constantly having to sift through 'crackpot manuscripts' on all forms of occultism, decide to create their own 'plan' or conspiracy. They begin to feed bits and pieces of Templar myths, Rosicrucian plots, Grail legends, etc. into a computer and let it make deductions and connections. As time passes they come to include the Illuminati, Freemasonry, Bacon, Shakespeare, Dante, the Assassins, Marx and Engels, Cagliostro, Swedenborg, the Protocols of the Elders of Zion and, of course, Hitler, among many others. Along the way Eco pokes fun at every conspiracy theory, religion, secret organization and the individuals who espouse them. "...but mystical subtractions and additions always come out the way you want." For example: "Thirty-six knights for each of the six places makes two hundred and sixteen, the digits of which add up to nine. And since there are six centuries, we can multiply two hundred and sixteen by six, which gives us one thousand two hundred and ninety-six, whose digits add up to eighteen, or three times six, or 666."
The numerology alone is hysterical but Eco goes further: "It's said that Porsena used electricity to free his realm from the presence of a frightful animal called Volt.' 'Which is why Alessandro Volta chose that exotic pseudomyn. Before, his name was simply Szmrszlyn Khraznapahwshkij.'"
The editors, Belbo, Causaubon and Diotallevi, are irreverent, mocking and derisive when visited by various authors who wish to publish their version of the secret. This secret is the same one that believers have pursued since the dawn of time the possession of which will make them King of the World. What the three don't realize is they are playing with fire. True believers will follow any new lead to its death or theirs. The three become slowly aware that characters from the legends are watching them for signs of esoteric information which only makes them work harder to include everything in their 'plan' and they succeed. "Because you don't see the connections. And you don't give due importance to the question that recurs twice: Who was married at the feast of Cana? Repetitions are magic keys. Of course, I've compiled; but compiling the truth is the initiate's right. Here is my interpretation: Jesus was not crucified, and for that reason the Templars denied the Crucifix. The legend of Joseph of Arimathea covers a deeper truth: Jesus, not the Grail, landed in France, among the cabalists of Provence. Jesus is the metaphor of the King of the World, the true founder of the Rosicrucians. And who landed with Jesus? His wife. In the Gospels why aren't we told who was married at Cana? It was the wedding of Jesus, and it was a wedding that could not be discussed, because the bride was a public sinner, Mary Magdalene. That's why, ever since, all the Illuminati from Simon Magus to Postel seek the principle of the eternal femine in a brothel. And Jesus, meanwhile, was the founder of the royal line of France." Dan Brown would have no problem understanding all of this. Foucault's Pendulum, however, was published in 1988.
As the 'plan' progresses it draws pretty much everyone and everything into it. It is possible, after all, to find esoteric connections everywhere and Eco doesn't let much escape his net. What our three editors do not understand is that 'everyone' wants their information be it legitimate or not. The seekers' only purpose is to search because they will never find what they are looking for and it is this perhaps which accounts for the eternal proliferation of secret societies and conspiracy theories. The search alone can consume you and it is a lot of fun besides. Which is just what this book is. A lot of fun intellectually.
Even at the third reading I needed to have a dictionary in the other hand and I have a massive vocabulary. I also researched many of the characters and events, but by no means all - the book is encyclopedic, and found every one to be factual. The amount of research Eco must have put in is enormous. I hope he had as much fun creating as we can have reading.
To summarize the plot: three editors of a less-than-ethical publishing company that has decided to cash in on the current (in 1988) fad for the occult, are forced to read manuscripts written by fanatics filled with crackpot ideas of secret societies and exotic rituals that sooner or later are based on the story of the Knights Templar. Bored by their work and encouraged by the publisher, they decide to write their own history of the occult and invent connections between both famous and obscure societies and movements, starting practically from the beginning of civilization. This starts out as a game but becomes all too real in the minds of the senior editor and ends up in a surreal confrontation in the chamber of Foucault’s pendulum in the Conservatoire des Artes et Métiers in Paris near the site of the Temple of the Knights Templar.
That’s the plot. From this overarching theme, what follows is a book whose sections correspond to the Kabbalistic Tree of the Sefiroth. Every chapter has at its beginning a quotation from some book of alchemy (which up until the 17th century was science) or occultism. Given that there are 120 chapters (not accidental), that’s a staggering number of relevant quotations from books which are for the most part obscure. It’s one thing to quote Francis Bacon. It’s quite another to quote, say, Trithemius, who is not exactly a household name.
The sheer number of societies, religious sects, historical figures, movements, is just about overwhelming. What it meant for me is that I could not read this book in my normal fashion. I like to keep track of connections, like to follow the interconnectedness of things, love to discern patterns. But if I were to complete this book within my lifetime, I had to step away from all that and not worry about keeping track of the innumerable people, places, organizations, and events that move through the pages. That actually worked out well—by relaxing, I was able to retain more of the main threads (of which there are many).
Frankly, I’m not sure if this book could have been written much before it was. In 1988, computers were just coming into general use. I had one then; it was laughable compared to what is available now, but it gave one the ability to keep track of what had been up to then an unhandlable amount of information and even make connections among that data. A computer—Abulafia—is an important character in the story. Without a computer, I don’t see how Eco could have possibly kept track of the number of characters and events and how they intertwined.
When you get right down to it, with few exceptions, there is very little action in the novel until the end. Out of sheer necessity, Eco uses chapter after chapter of exposition in order to get the information across. Normally, this would be deadly boring. Instead, in his hands, you wind up reading about 10-12 books within the main storyline, all of them fascinating and downright exciting. Yet when you look at it, they’re simply one character in the book reciting a list of names and dates to some other characters. It works brilliantly.
There is one segment that is action, not exposition, and that is the Brasilian episode. Causabon, the protagonist who narrates the novel, follows a lover back to Brasil where he becomes an observer at rituals of the two major Afro-Brasilian religious sects, candomblé and umbanda. Eco’s descriptions of those events are exciting and as far as I know, right on. It’s one of the best parts of the book.
A bizarre but tremendously satisfying little detail: for those of us Harry Potter freaks, we know that in the first book, an important character is Nicolas Flamel, a famous alchemist who has lived, at that point, something like 667 years. Well, bravo to J.K. Rawling—Flamel is a historical figure who worked on creating a philosopher’s stone, and who did indeed have a wife named Perenelle!
Foucault’s Pendulum is a monumental work that I think can’t be totally appreciated in just one reading. Its appeal lays not in the resolution of the plot, which is more or less predictable, but in the way Eco handles the materia prima—all that wonderful, glorious dazzling display of history seen through a very narrowly focused lens.
This is my first exposure to Umberto Eco, and it will not be my last. Eco writes an intelligent novel without holding his intellect over the reader - you do not feel like he is talking down at you, but simply telling a fascinating tale.
Foucault's
The story centers on the attempt by three friends - Casaubon, Diotallevi and Belbo - who, while planning a project on the occult for the Publisher for whom they work, try playing a practical joke: taking all "facts" various sources have come up with about the Knights Templar, feeding the facts into a computer, then seeing what comes from all that when added to their own thoughts about "The Plan" (as they call it). Problem is, their Plan may be closer to the truth than they expect, and they may have gotten themselves into something they (ultimately) cannot get out of.
What is so great about Eco's treatment is how well-researched it is, how thoroughly explained it is, and how he is able to mingle some deep, scholarly, logical narrative with the elements essential to a very compelling thriller.
I was so caught up in his characters (especially Casaubon - the main narrator), that I found the ending of the book to be thoroughly devastating.
I also had to admire how Eco took the story to the only logical ending it could have. Some writers (Brown, for instance) place their characters on a pedestal, immune to the world around them. Eco's characters are treated the way real life treats people.
This is not a casual read, although one could skip over some of the more esoteric material and focus on the real plot itself. However, to skip over any pieces of Eco's work is to miss the entire point of the book's having been written. It may not be easy, but it is captivating, intelligent and rewarding.
Eco's works will easily go down in literary history as classics of their period.
This is a MUST READ.
Our narrator, Casaubon, is a doctoral student, preparing his dissertation on the Templars. His friends, Belbo and Diotallevi, work for a publisher who has a side business in vanity publishing. One day, a man calling himself
Complex, confusing, brilliant, intelligent, a splendid skewering of conspiracy theorists (I broke into loud laughter when, in the midst of medieval crusaders and Kabbalah, someone cries out, "I'a Cthulhu! I'a S'ha-t'n!") and an interesting mystery. Well worth the trouble.
The first thing I'll say is that this is an incredibly dense book. I'm generally a pretty fast reader. But with this book, my reading speed was generally cut at least in half either by the writing or by forcing myself to slow it down. There is just so much going on that this book truly requires more time spent on each page.
The high level story is actually fairly simplistic. To an extent I would almost simplify it and say that this is the story of what happens prior to the opening pages of the DaVinci Code novel...the book opens in a museum with our protagonist, Casaubon anxiously awaiting some midnight ritual that could result in death but then the next ~400+ pages are told in flashback to let us know how we got to this point. So where DaVinci Code starts with a ritualistic death in a museum and works to solve the mystery, Foucault starts with the musuem but then backtracks to show how we got there and (eventually) ends with the events in the museum.
The story involves a group of overly educated folks working together at a publishing house. As they receive a number of outlandish books about various conspiracy theories, they finally decide to create their own theory from their own knowledge and information as well as by piecing together bits from all of these other books. They create a very coherent plan that outlines centuries/millenia of plotting by Templars and other Holy Orders. Naturally, their plan comes too close to the truth (or does it?) and gets them all in trouble.
Interestingly, this basic synopsis was outlined on the back cover of the book. However, aside from the first few pages in the museum, it takes a few hundred pages before the group of people get together at the publishing house and start working on their own plan.
Instead of jumping right into the action and giving us an intense action-packed novel, the author provides us a "teaser" of the action to come (the museum) but then takes us back in time many years and allows us to follow the educational pattern that eventually provides the adequate knowledge to develop this intricate plan.
We follow Casaubon from Europe to South America and back again over decades. We relive his interesting experiences with different cults, mystics, and others. We're also taken on flashbacks as he talks with one of the other men, Belbo, about his childhood during World War II and there are numerous segments of psychological analysis of his experiences. Indeed, even though we are living the story through Casaubon's narration, there are a number of segments told from Belbo's point of view either as he spoke to Casaubon or as Casaubon reads some journal-type writing by Belbo.
So, the general story of this book is fairly simple and easy to follow. But the amount of information presented is staggering. It took me a number of chapters to get a feel for the narrative style but once I did, I found a lot of passages to be very humorous and witty.
Naturally I didn't have time or energy to go through and validate each of the various historical commentaries made by the characters. They were all presented with a great sense of authority. Indeed, part of the theme of the novel, at least from my perspective, is that readers SHOULD question what they're presented rather than just accepting it as fact. Furthermore, even if there is plenty of truth in what is presented, that doesn't necessarily mean that the end result is true.
Through the absurdity with which Casaubon and his friends develop "The Plan" and the further absurdity by which it is accepted, Eco seems to be presenting the argument that conspiracy theories and theorists are far to eager to jump at their desired solution rather than appropriately seeking out the true and logical answer. I especially loved a scene near the end of the book where Casaubon's girlfriend Lia reads "The Plan" and gives her own interpretation of their pieced together facts...an interpretation much more mundane and far less dangerous.
While it took me a long time to get into this book and a long time to finish it due to the density of reading....I really enjoyed this book. I loved hearing the various historical stories (true or not) and the interesting analysis of the motives and ideas of these various cults and groups. The action/adventure of the story was a lot of fun too, though in terms of page volume, that was definitely a very small portion of the overall work.
I certainly can't recommend it to everyone. But if you're a history buff, a conspiracy theory fan, a literary buff or just looking for a deep and thought provoking read (and you have the time and energy to invest in it), then definitely check this out.
****
3.5 out of 5 stars
The Name of the Rose is essentially a detective story. It's set in medieval times and is told in a wonderfully
The pacing of the book is also rather slow, and not always in a good way. In, say, A Fire Upon the Deep, the pace is slow, but there's a feeling of grandness, of something gradually but inexorably building as the story progresses. I often felt that Foucault's Pendulum was dragging along without necessarily going anywhere, especially during the elaboration of the Plan, where the characters just keep piling details on details seemingly without end.
I should note that the edition I read had an annoying synopsis on the back cover. It claimed that the main characters put facts into a computer that drew connections between apparently disparate facts. In the book, those events don't take place until about two-thirds of the way in, and the actual details are somewhat different than those which the synopsis implies. At least it didn't completely give away things, like the summary text at the beginning of my copy of Archangel.
Spoilers below.
Again, Foucault's Pendulum is not a straightforward tale. Since I was expecting one, the ending came as something of a disappointment to me. Throughout the entire book, the narrator referenced the events of that night in terms that were filled with portent. When the book actually got around to describing it, I thought it very anticlimactic. There's the implication that the main characters have somehow divined something true, but the climax arrives and the reader is told, "No, sorry. It's all fake."
I suppose I should read it again in the right frame of mind, but it's really dense and I'm not sure the effort would be worth it. Goes on the "someday, if I get around to it" list.
Three men, the narrator Casaubon, Belbo and Diotallevi work for two sister publishing houses. One publishing
The occult/hermetic ramblings of the SFAs (or diabolicals, as they come to be known) intersect with Casaubon’s academic specialisation and the trio embark on an ironic adventure: The Plan - to piece together the mystery of the Templars using the warped logic of the diabolicals.
Somewhere each man crosses a line and the project loses its humour. Diotellevi, always interested in the cabal and the magic of numbers, is stricken with cancer. Belbo is trapped in the straits of his relationship with Lorenza and the existential crises of his past which loom like shadows over his present. Casaubon meets Lia, who falls pregnant and perhaps he feels unnecessary or powerless in the face of her pregnancy and turns to the Plan for solace.
The three are not merely writing the Plan and mocking the ‘diabolicals’. They dishonestly believe in the Plan and in their mastery and superiority. They are like Aglie, a mysterious connoisseur of the occult, who uses the language of brotherhood but speaks from a tone of superiority. Aglie has intimate knowledge of occult beliefs but it is not clear that he shares them. At times he is cynical of the phenomena he researches, yet at others he is dismisses the cynicism of others as short-sighted and closed-minded. He explains that his position to the diabolicals is that of an initiate to a mystic – the initiate has “an intuitive comprehension of what reason cannot explain” having gone through a deep transformation process, acquiring superior abilities. But it is internal, humble, not for display, whereas a mystic is a slave, used by the initiate to observe the signs of secrets and forces.
As the story and Plan progress Aglie is revealed to be more sinister, powerful and determined than any of them realised.
Underlying the plot is a warning against reverse-engineering the multi-strands of history into a single linear narrative. It’s not clever. The three, in the footsteps of the diabolicals, use guesses, associations, analogies and circular logic to glue their story together.
As Lia castigates Casaubon when she learns of the Plan - “You’ve invented hair oil. I don’t like it. It’s a nasty joke” (p541).
They are selling something which sad, needy people will believe is true, despite its flawed logic and their own better judgement. They will want to believe it’s true – they want there to be a grand organising theme or plan to history, they want there to be an incredible, solvable mystery behind the universe, they want to be a part of something, to not be insignificant and anonymous; they want to be powerful.
The tension between fact and fiction, reason and fancy, credible and incredible is part of the novels strong allure. It appears in events, such as the gira ritual which affects Amparo. Eco is well researched and the quotes and excerpts so authoritative that many doubts and scepticisms I had were frequently bamboozled away in the complexity and tight, intertextual fabric of the Plan.
Unlike Brown, Eco is honest about his pretence. It is the characters who make the secret society real chasing what the reader knows (albeit waveringly) is a falsehood. He peppers the novel with clues – Belbo’s definition of cretins, fools, morons and lunatics; psuedo-scientific nonsense language used by Bramanti (necromantiam, medicinam adeptam, phyiognosis, hermetic zoology, psychometry, gymnosohy, onomancy, mercurial chemistry); Casuabon, named for a French Calvinist who studied Greek and proved the hermetic texts did not date from the time of Moses, but from 200-300AD; and ridiculous spectacles with robes, drums and incense. An occult setting is a brilliant place to plot a thriller. It is ready-made with excitement and intrigue, criss-crossed with magic, power and conspiracy. But no-one should finish Foucault’s Pendulum wondering whether it was all true. If they do, they've missed the point.
I however enjoyed every moment of it. Yes, it is pretentious - that is sort of
This book is about the creation of the mother of all conspiracy theories spanning centuries and a variety of civilisations by academic publishers. The ideas spin out of the control of their originators and teach the a few unexpected things.
The story reminds us a little bit about the connections we make in our everyday lives and our desire to attribute all sorts to a higher power. It is also a warning to academics about the nature of proof and documentary evidence.
The novel is packed full of facts and history. It has some brilliant quotable quotes and pithily puts forward important ideas but in general its too long. I recommend reading it fast so you dont get swamped and don't take it too seriously.
Nothing happens; the writing is thick; the conspiracy is slow developing. I put the book down and will not be picking it up again. There are too many books to be read to be wasting any time trudging through this one.
For readers expecting a fantastical adventure centered around the Templars and a Plan to dominate the world, this is not the book for you, though it does have those aspects. Most of this novel is very reflective and comments heavily on the human need for religion and the search for truth, with the action primarily taking place at the end, and then from a spectator's standpoint.
Overall, this book can be very enriching and even eye-opening for someone who can sit down and read it thoroughly.
Note: Dictionaries, Wikipedia, and French/Latin dictionaries are very helpful at parts. You should keep them handy to get the full experience of this novel.
MB 18-ii-2014