Great Minds of the Western Intellectual Tradition

1 Introduction / 2 The Pre-Socratics—Physics and Metaphysics / 3 The Sophists and Social Science / 4 Plato—Metaphysics / 5 Plato—Politics / 6 Plato—Psychology / 7 Aristotle—Metaphysics / 8 Aristotle—Politics / 9 Aristotle—Ethics / 10 Stoicism and Epicureanism / 11 Roman Eclecticism—Cicero and Polybius / 12 Roman Skepticism—Sextus Empiricus / 13 Introduction / 14 Job and the Problem of Suffering / 15 The Hebrew Bible and Covenantal History / 16 The Synoptic Gospels—The Historical Jesus and the Kingdom of God / 17 Paul—Justification by Faith / 18 Plotinus and Neo-Platonism / 19 Augustine—Grace and Free Will / 20 Aquinas and Christian Aristotelianism / 21 Universals in Medieval Thought / 22 Mysticism and Meister Eckhart / 23 Luther—Law and Gospel / 24 Calvin and Protestantism / 25 Introduction / 26 Machiavelli and the Origins of Political Science / 27 More's Utopianism / 28 Erasmus Against Enthusiasm / 29 Galileo and the New Astronomy / 30 Bacon's New Organon and the New Science / 31 Descartes—The Method of Modern Philosophy / 32 Hobbes—Politics and the State of Nature / 33 Spinoza—Rationalism and the Reverence for Being / 34 Pascal—Skepticism and Jansenism / 35 Bayle—Skepticism and Calvinism / 36 Newton and Enlightened Science / 37 Introduction / 38 Locke—Politics / 39 Locke—The Revolution in Knowledge / 40 Vico and the New Science of History / 41 Montesquieu and Political Thought / 42 The Worldly Philosophy of Bernard Mandeville / 43 Bishop Berkeley—Idealism and Critique of the Enlightenment / 44 Hume's Epistemology / 45 Hume's Theory of Morality / 46 Hume's Natural Religion / 47 Adam Smith and the Origins of Political Economy / 48 Rousseau's Dissent / 49 Introduction / 50 Kant's "Copernican Revolution" / 51 Kant's Moral Theory / 52 Burke—The Origins of Conservatism / 53 Hegel—History and Historicism / 54 Marx—Historical Materialism / 55 Marx—On Alienation / 56 Mill's Utilitarianism / 57 Kierkegaard and the Leap of Faith / 58 Schopenhauer—The World as Will and Idea / 59 Nietzsche—Perspectivism and the Will to Power / 60 Nietzsche—The Death of God, Morality, and Self-Creation / 61 Introduction / 62 James's Pragmatism / 63 Freud's Psychology of Human Nature / 64 Freud's Discontents / 65 A.J. Ayer and Logical Positivism / 66 Max Weber and Legitimate Authority / 67 Husserl and Phenomenology / 68 Dewey's Critique of Traditional Philosophy / 69 Heidegger—Dasein and Existenz / 70 Wittgenstein and Language Analysis / 71 The Frankfurt School / 72 Structuralism—Saussure and Lévi-Strauss / 73 Introduction / 74 Hayek and the Critique of Central Planning / 75 Popper—The Open Society and the Philosophy of Science / 76 Kuhn's Paradigm Paradigm / 77 Quine—Ontological Relativism / 78 Habermas—Critical Theory and Communicative Action / 79 Rawls's Theory of Justice / 80 Derrida and Deconstruction / 81 Rorty's Neo-Pragmatism / 82 Gouldner—Ideology and the "New" Class / 83 MacIntyre—The Rationality of Traditions / 84 Nozick's Defense of Libertarianism