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The dramatic story of the methamphetamine epidemic of the 1980s as it sweeps the American heartland--a moving, very human account of one community's attempt to battle its way to a brighter future. Crystal meth is widely considered the world's most dangerous drug, but especially so in the small towns of the American heartland. Journalist Reding tells the story of Oelwein, Iowa (pop. 6,159), which, like thousands of other small towns, has been left in the dust by the consolidation of the agricultural industry, a depressed local economy, and an out-migration of people. As if this weren't enough, an incredibly cheap, longlasting, and highly addictive drug has rolled into town. Over a period of four years, journalist Nick Reding brings us into the heart of Oelwein, tracing the connections between the lives touched by the drug and the global forces that set the stage for the epidemic.--From publisher description.… (more)
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Nick Reding's "methland" makes that human element so frighteningly real; in a town quickly losing quality jobs, dependent on the increasingly-consolidated industries that remain, where methamphetamine production fills the economic and emotional gaps that remain. Reding brings together a host of elements in the meth trade, from the tweakers who've lost body parts to batches gone bad to the personalities and organizations who revolutionized meth sales. Paralleling this are the people who've decided to make a stand, such as the small-town mayor who takes a gamble to bring small business back to a shell of a town and the assistant district attorney who's racking up small-time convictions.
There are voyeuristic-worthy details that will appeal the addiction memoir crowd like the story the town-wide famous addict Roland Jarvis, but it's the moments when Reding's describing the larger elements controlling the playing field that deserve the most attention. This is where the book goes beyond describing the effects and goes after the causes, rooting out elements of government and big business who have ignored their complicity in an epidemic. Highly recommended reading for both those addicted to addiction memoirs and readers interested in social issues.
The result is Methland, and it’s indeed a personal story. It’s not Reding’s story (although there are memoir-ish/family-history aspects to some passages), but rather the story of tiny Oelwein, Iowa and its residents, standing as a named example of thousands more meth-devastated small towns across the American Midwest.
Because Reding believes “…meth has always been less an agent of change and more a symptom of it,” he explores the epidemiology of methamphetamine abuse as a “socio-cultural cancer” by involving key participants -- Oelwein’s doctor, mayor, chief of police, county prosecutor, and meth addicts and distributors -- to document the economic, political, and social forces that conspired to nearly destroy the town and, more recently, perhaps redeem it.
This approach allows a fascinating story to develop -- a page-turner, even; conversationally written yet startling and disturbing -- that reminded me of Michael Pollan’s (The Omnivore’s Dilemma) rise of industrial farming and Randy Shilts’s (And the Band Played On) epidemiology of AIDS. Recommended.
Nick Reding's Methland captured my attention for personal reasons. Like Reding, I grew up in a small rural town (population 2000) in the Midwest. Upon adulthood, I moved to a large urban area in the Intermountain West, prompting my parents to
As predicted, my weekly calls home to Mom and Dad began to include stories of rampant drug use and manufacture; the twist was that the locus of the activity was on their end of the line. Tales of former classmates who were now in rehab or jail were surprising (or not, depending on the classmate), but the real shock involved tales of several farmhouses that had blown sky high in the course of faulty meth production. What was going on?
I began paying attention to meth articles in the media. Several reliable sources quoted statistics confirming the fact that drug use, and meth use in particular, was more prevalent per capita in small towns than in cities. It was becoming the not-so-secret scourge of Heartland, USA. I initially attributed the problem to the mind-numbing lack of opportunity and alternative entertainment in rural towns. (Every time my mom mentioned yet another teenage pregnancy, I would jokingly suggest that they take up a collection for a roller rink, and fast.)
Nick Reding puts all of the pieces together in an excellent investigative book that exposes the complex and seemingly unstoppable forces behind the epidemic, while also revealing its human cost through individual stories that will make you hurt. If you grew up in a small town, you know these people.
The heartland's struggle with meth addiction is largely rooted in a cataclysmic shift from small farm and ranch operations to corporate-run centers of mega-production. Animals are raised in centralized factory pens, fattened in giant feed lots, and slaughtered in megalithic processing plants. Grain production has been centralized on huge corporate farms where food is planted, harvested, and processed under the supervision of agribusiness giants like Cargill and Monsanto. This shift has devastated the morale and pocketbook of rural America. Former independent entrepreneurs have been reduced to the status of easily replaceable wage slaves. Local packing plants that used to pay their employees twenty dollars an hour plus health benefits have been absorbed by mega corporations that pay six dollars an hour and no benefits to a workforce that is powerless to demand anything better. Anyone who toured the Midwest farming country during its heyday, which peaked in the mid-1970's, would be shocked to witness the grinding poverty that permeates its small towns today.
The issue of poverty drives the meth market in multiple ways. The ingestion of meth can temporarily alleviate the depression and hopelessness of a single mother who just completed a double shift slitting chicken bellies at the local Tyson plant. The production of meth in rural basements, a relatively simple but risky endeavor, is a cottage industry that offers low startup costs and large returns to those meth cooks who manage to avoid arrest or incineration. Poverty and lack of decent employment tend to drive rural youths to the West coast and California, where their habit eventually hooks them up with big-time distributors who in turn employ them to funnel meth back to their home town in return for a cut of the cash and goods.
To make matters worse, large processing plants and pig farm factories actively solicit Mexican citizens to cross the border and work for subsistence wages ("First 6 months of housing provided free!"). Although the vast majority of these workers are husbands and fathers desperate to provide a higher standard of living for their families, a fraction of this workforce is inevitably involved in siphoning drugs from Mexico into Small Town, USA.
Corporate culpability doesn't end with agribusiness. Big Pharma has used its massive economic power and lobbying skills to fight meth regulation at every turn. Why waste a relatively modest sum of money adding an element to cold pills that will render them useless for meth making when only half of that sum can "convince" Congress to avoid requiring the additive at all? After all, they argue, they make a legal product for a legal purpose. Why should they have to spend one penny because some societal misfit may personally choose to commit a criminal act? Why indeed.
Ironically, one of the final reasons for meth's prevalence in the heartland is the work ethic of its people. Most drugs don't help work performance. Mention "severe drug addict" and most people envision a lethargic, unemployed couch surfer who lives off friends and relatives until they finally throw him/her out. In contrast, meth (at least initially) boosts concentration and energy, allowing the user to work two and three jobs, performing for weeks with minimal sleep until the inevitable crash. Small town rural people who pride themselves on hard work and self-sufficiency often succumb to meth as a temporary way to "hold it all together" while they work through a financial crisis (divorce, sick child, loss of benefits) that requires them to work long hours without relief. Temporary use is seldom temporary for long.
I've laid out the general framework of Nick Reding's book, but the real power of his work comes from personal interviews and the hard-to-hear stories of working people who have been destroyed directly or indirectly by the meth trade. I highly recommend this book to anyone who wants to understand meth addiction and, more importantly, the largely unreported societal malaise that is sapping the life from rural America.
I anticipated reading Methland with some trepidation, since I graduated from high school in Oelwein, Iowa, and my mother worked as a nurse in Fayette & Black Hawk counties for over 20 years. But it was getting good reviews, and I was curious.
What impressed me about this book was
However, sources of this information aren’t included and, coupled with two factual errors about Iowa and Oelwein that shouldn’t have been missed, this made me wonder how accurate the information was.
Though the book is both readable and interesting, I have to say that I was disappointed overall. I kept asking myself, “What’s the point?” If Reding simply intends to lament the struggles of small town America coping with methamphetamine, he succeeds. But I expected more. And buried in the prose are hints of a thesis that isn’t systematically addressed in the book, let alone documented.
From the preface on page 16 : "The rise of the meth epidemic was built largely on economic policies, political decisions, and the recent development of American cultural history. Meth's basic components lie equally in the action of government lobbyists, long-term trends in the agricultural and pharmaceutical industries, and the effects of globalization and free trade. "
Page 58 : ". . . I was beginning to see meth in America as a function not just of farming and food industry trends in the 1980s and '90s but also of changes in the narcotics and pharmaceuticals industries in the same period. . . And that meth, if it is a metaphor for anything, is a metaphor for the cataclysmic fault lines formed by globalization."
p. 109: "What continued to take shape for me was the portrait of a town that stood as a metaphor for all of rural America and its problems. That's to say that the evolution of the meth epidemic had occurred in lockstep with the three separate economic trends that had contributed to the dissolution of small-town United States. By looking closely at the events of 2006, one can see the parallel trajectories of meth and small-town economics - the one rising, the other falling - dating back to the days of the Amezcuas. And the things that spurred this simultaneous rise and fall: the development of Big Pharmaceuticals, Big Agriculture, and the modern Mexican drug-trafficking business."
Unfortunately, these statements are supported only anecdotally and references aren’t documented. I realize this is a popular book and not an academic one, but I’m not going to be convinced by statements like this that aren’t back up. I’d be interested in reading a reasoned argument, but this isn’t it.
(I would have liked to see an index in this book. That would have made it more helpful for future researchers.)
An absorbing analysis of the development of methamphetamine from a "wonder drug" that was vaunted as being able to cure depression and increase production (scary) to the scourge of Small Town, USA. Anyone interested in the side effects of corporate
I am glad I stuck with this one and I would recommend this one to those interested in the subject of addiction.
Reding answers questions like, how does a meth addiction compare with other addictions? Why would someone start using meth? Why would someone start manufacturing and trafficking meth, and how do they do this? How does meth affect families, especially the children? How have Big Agriculture and Big Pharmaceuticals changed life in the Midwest and contributed to drug abuse? How do drug dealers and manufacturers adjust to new laws? Can stricter laws and enforcement eradicate the meth epidemic in the US?
What I liked best about this book are the details of exactly how the tiny, practically comatose town of Oelwein, Iowa, courageously and successfully fought to regain life in their community under the leadership of an energetic, optimistic mayor, Larry Murphy. I can only imagine the “Community Burial Ceremony of Gloom and Doom” he organized to celebrate the victories won and to inspire more in the future.
This book obviously needs a lot of editing, but I only read the advance copy.
One of the reasons why Meth has been able to penetrate and destroy communities in a somewhat unique manner, is the fact that its component elements can be acquired very easily in common drug store purchases. Ephedrine and Pseudo ephedrine are both ingredients of over the counter cold medicines and can be acquired without a prescription. So in addition to the drug cartels that produce Meth, everyday people are able to produce Meth in their kitchens with just a few ingredients and a basic knowledge of chemistry. Meth production at home has led to many house fires and explosions, claiming the lives of innocent victims in addition to poisoning non using bystanders( e.g children).
Its is interesting to see Meth's current status as an illicit drug, as it was once a legally prescribed drug for weight loss, depression and all manner of ailments.Tests on mice show that the body starts to form antibodies that vaccinates itself against the drug thus making attainment of a high more and more difficult with each use. This means that addicts seek larger and larger quantities of the drug to get a high thus making them even more desperate and resorting to extreme means, violence included, to get that high.
The author draws some very interesting conclusions about the role of immigration, monopolies in the agricultural sector and even Washington lobby groups to Meth's inception and spread. This is a very interesting and well researched book. As I read, I was surprised by how insidious the Meth problem has become as I too had bought the myth of the idyllic small town, believing that drugs were more of a big city problem. It is a sad and complex portrait of what happens when certain factors, high unemployment, poverty and disconnection from certain basic needs occurs. I found the book to be readable if at times bogged down by too many facts and details.
Reding chose