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Urban legends, conspiracy theories, and bogus public-health scares circulate effortlessly. Meanwhile, people with important ideas--business people, teachers, politicians, journalists, and others--struggle to make their ideas "stick." Why do some ideas thrive while others die? And how do we improve the chances of worthy ideas? Educators and idea collectors Chip and Dan Heath reveal the anatomy of ideas that stick and explain ways to make ideas stickier, such as applying the "human scale principle," using the "Velcro Theory of Memory," and creating "curiosity gaps." In this fast-paced tour of success stories (and failures), we discover that sticky messages of all kinds--from the infamous "kidney theft ring" hoax to a coach's lessons on sportsmanship to a vision for a new product at Sony--draw their power from the same six traits. This book that will transform the way you communicate ideas.--From publisher description.… (more)
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The Guardian
Buy Made to Stick at the Guardian bookshop
Made to Stick: How Some Ideas Take Hold and Others Come Unstuck
by Chip and Dan Heath
304pp, Random House, £12.99
This is a book about what makes some ideas more effective than others. It explains what it is that makes
As the authors say: "Good ideas often have a hard time succeeding in the world. Yet the ridiculous kidney heist tale keeps circulating, with no resources whatsoever to support it."
Kidney heist tale? That's right. The authors, Chip and Dan Heath, brothers from California, tell us the story of a guy who goes into a bar in an unfamiliar city and orders a drink, after which an attractive woman approaches him and asks him if he'd like another. And that's the last thing he remembers, until he wakes up the next morning in a bathtub full of ice. He has a wound in his back with a tube sticking out. He calls the emergency services. The operator says, "Sir, don't panic, but one of your kidneys has been harvested."
Next, the authors give us an example of something unmemorable. I won't quote it in full, but to give you an idea: "Comprehensive community building naturally lends itself to a return-on-investment rationale that can be modelled ..." We are asked to imagine what would happen if we closed the book and tried to tell someone about the kidney heist and the jargon. We'd be able to remember the heist. We'd have forgotten the jargon. The authors ask us: "Which sounds closer to the communications you encounter at work?"
This is a self-help book for ideas. Like a diet book, it tells you to slim your ideas down. Simplicity is the key. Dan, an educational publisher, studied teachers and what made them effective. Chip, a social science professor at Stanford, spent time researching the concept "How could a false idea displace a true one?" Both brothers were impressed by the concept of "stickiness", as explained by Malcolm Gladwell in his book The Tipping Point - some ideas stick in the mind, while others don't. "We want to pay tribute to Gladwell for the word 'stickiness'," they say. "It stuck."
There are various things, according to the Heaths, that make ideas memorable. Apart from simplicity, it helps if ideas are unexpected. You need to grab people's attention. They describe an advertising spot in which the viewer sees a happy family getting into a minivan and cruising blandly through suburban streets. Then, apparently out of nowhere - bang! An appalling crash. The idea: "Buckle up." The reason that the ad was effective: "It violates our schema of real-life neighbourhood trips."
Other things that make ideas stick: adding concrete details, dumping complicated statistics, connecting with people's emotions and telling stories. We hear about an anti-nuclear campaigner who wanted to give people the idea that the world was full of dangerous nuclear warheads - 5,000, in fact. Expressed as a number, he realised, this was not a particularly sticky idea. So he gave lectures, taking along a metal bucket and thousands of BB pellets. He dropped one pellet into the bucket and told his audience: "This is the Hiroshima bomb." Later, he poured 5,000 pellets into the bucket. This was the world's current nuclear capability. His audience was stunned into silence.
This is one of many examples that make this book such fun to read. We learn about good communicators, which is inspiring. How do you get people to unlearn an idea which is sticky but false, such as the notion that lots of people are attacked by sharks? Not by telling people the actual numbers, but by asking them whether they are more likely to be killed by a shark or a deer. Of course, the deer is more dangerous. This is something you're likely to remember. It's funny. It's something you'll want to tell people.
So why is this book scary? For one thing, it gives you an insight into the power of bad ideas - simple, concrete, emotive, story-based ideas will stick in spite of being wrong. For another, it makes you think of the world of ideas as a kind of arms race. Everybody is trying to seduce you, using concepts that, over time, are more and more fiendishly sticky. Sometimes, someone on the side of good will find a way of getting you to think about road safety or nuclear warheads. But who owns most of the sticky ideas? Surely it's the big corporations, who can afford to employ people who know how to keep their messages crisp and memorable.
When I finished this book, I wondered what it had taught me. It has taught me a simple thing about communication: keep it simple. And an unexpected thing: that, to be clever, you have to avoid being complex. And a statistical thing: forget about numbers. And an emotional thing: he who spins, wins, which is sad. And which is why it's worth reading this book. In the right hands, it will help.
This book inspired me to try to make my blue-sky ideas more concrete when explaining their benefit to co-workers.
Simple
Unexpected
Concrete
Credentialed
Emotional
Stories
An aid to: How tech can sell ideas outside of tech.
Good salespeople, advertisers, marketers, PR professionals, even managers wanting to motivate their employees and entrepreneurs needing to excite their investors can make good use of the techniques described in this book. The authors achieved their goal, "...to help you make your ideas...understood and remembered, and have a lasting impact...." In other words, they help you make your ideas "stick."
As the author of several books about persuasion in business myself, I took away several great points:
"Belief counts for a lot, but belief isn't enough. For people to take action, they have to care."
"We appeal to their self-interest, but we also appeal to their identities--not only to the people they are right now but also to the people they would like to be."
"One of the worst things about knowing a lot, or having access to a lot of information, is that we're tempted to share it all."
Chip and Dan Heath dissect everything from urban legends to ad campaigns to explain what makes a message resonate in the audience's mind. In the process, they not only show the reader how to use successful strategies, they do it in an entertaining fashion that makes the book a pleasure to read.
Honestly, for a preacher this book is a goldmine. Not only for teaching you to be better at your craft, but because it's also chock full of great stories and illustrations.
For anyone who has to / wants to present ideas to another person for any reason.
Reminds us that words are important, and things that may seem trite on the surface - Disney callings its worker cast members instead