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History. Juvenile Nonfiction. HTML: The Story of Mankind revolutionized former methods of telling history. While it received the first Newbery Medal for the most distinguished contribution to American literature for children, critics and public alike hailed it as a book for all ages. Van Loon recounts history as living news, relating everything in the past to the present. From Western civilization's earliest times through to the beginning of the twentieth century, he emphasizes the people and events that changed the course of history, writing informally to make world history wonderfully alive and exciting. Of this book the author writes, "The entrance of America upon the scene of international politics as the most important actor...convinced me that a proper and reasonable understanding of historical cause and effect was the most important factor in the lives of the rising generation. And so my book...treats the entire history of the human race as a single unit...It begins with the dim and hardly understood realm of the earliest past; it can be continued forever.".… (more)
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In the mid- 2000s I bought an updated paperback edition
Thus I dispensed with the paperback copy and bought the very edition I read as a kid, the mildly updated 1972 edition that still retains a bit of Van Loon's style. And that oh so gorgeous 1920s typeface!
Another thing to keep in mind is that in the 1920s, history wasn't what it is today. Research was done differently and less was known about the world nearly 100 years ago. We thought we found all there was to discover in the Valley of the Kings in Egypt... Until they found KV-63 in 2005. And let's not forget that when most of us were of the target age of this book, Pluto was unquestionably a planet. Readers will find things in this book stated as fact that might very well have been the accepted history of the time, but that we now know more about. If looked at in this context, this book is a completely acceptable representation of certain histories of certain cultures. You get the double bonus of looking at history through the eyes of history, which is something I really enjoy.
There is a reason this book won the Newbery Prize. The information is presented with a storyteller's voice, even including humor at times. I can see how younger readers would find this a fascinating introduction to past events of the world, even if they had struggled with the subject before. They might even find a particular part of history they want to learn more about and branch off reading from there. In my mind, if a book as all encompassing as this one keeps younger people involved in learning about the past, it is something special and worthy of the attention.
First off, the book is incredibly Eurocentric. There is barely a mention of the world beyond Europe. There is brief discussion of the Middle East and one chapter entitled, "Concerning Buddha and Confucius" that deals with Eastern religions. Egypt is mentioned in chapters detailing the beginning of civilization, but the rest of Africa may as well not even exist, except for the "heathenish tribes...who worshiped sticks and stones and dead trees." The Native Americans also do not merit a mention. At times, Van Loon is apologetic about this, saying, "I wish that I could tell you what happened to Norway and Switzerland and Serbia and China. But these lands exercised no great influence upon the development of Europe in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. I therefore pass them by with a polite an very respectful bow."
Towards the end of the book he talks about how he had one rule for deciding what to put in his book. "Did the country or the person in question produce a new idea or perform an original act without which the history of the entire human race would have been different?" It seems like a nearly impossible question to answer, but Van Loon doesn't hesitate to answer this question in regards to the Mongolians. "No race ever played a more picturesque role in history than the Mongolians," he writes, "and no race, from the point of view of achievement or intelligent progress, was of less value to the rest of mankind." Yikes. Not so much of a polite and respectful bow there. I can't decide if I prefer the patronizing, the condemning, or complete omitting of certain groups.
I will also mention Van Loon's cringe-worthy discussion of slavery in the Americas. He writes the "negroes were strong and could withstand rough treatment...[and] association with the white man would give them a chance to learn Christianity...so from every possible point of view, it would be an excellent arrangement both for the kindly white man and for his ignorant black brother." Wowzers. Soon after, Van Loon condemns slavery as practiced in the Americas, but his condemnation seems to be mostly an, "oops, maybe we went a little to far trying to save these ignorant heathens." (I am putting these words in his mouth.)
This review is already long, but so I won't discuss my issues with Van Loon's portrayal of the Jews killing Jesus or the fearless Muslims so excited about paradise they are running directly into European machine gun fire. Nor will I dwell on the fact that I could probably count the number of women mentioned in this book on one hand.
In spite of these things, I found some parts of the book to be surprisingly progressive. The book was written just before the Scopes Trial, but evolution is presented as a fact and there is no mention whatsoever of creationism. Van Loon also states the the Bible is not a reliable source of scientific knowledge and the most important messages in the Bible are those of love, charity, and forgiveness. He encourages his readers to question their own stereotypes, ask questions, and see history from all angles. A good student of history should attempt to uncover the hidden motives behind people's actions, because it is only through understanding that we can truly make the world a more peaceful place.
I think that Van Loon was well-intentioned, but very misguided in writing this book. He wanted kids to understand and love history, and most importantly to learn from it. If the book were written today, I would be more adamant that is an infuriating, condescending, and worthless piece of literature. Since it was written nearly one hundred years ago, I will exercise some restraint. It had its good moments.
That being said, the book was very dense, mostly very boring, and I would not recommend it to anyone unless you have taken on the senseless project of reading all the Newbery winners.