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Two destinies intersect in Broken April. The first is that of Gjor, a young mountaineer who (much against his will) has just killed a man in order to avenge the death of his older brother, and who expects to be killed himself in keeping with the provisions of the Code that regulates life in the highlands. The second is that of a young couple on their honeymoon who have come to study the age-old customs of the place, including the blood feud. While the story is set in the early twentieth century, life on the high plateaus of Albania takes life back to the Dark Ages. The bloody shirt of the latest victim is hung up by the bereaved for all to see-until the avenger in turn kills his man with a rifle shot. For the young bride, the shock of this unending cycle of obligatory murder is devastating. The horror becomes personified when she catches a glimpse of Gjor as he wanders about the countryside, waiting for the truce of thirty days to end, and life with it. That momentary vision of the hapless murderer provokes in her a violent act of revulsion and contrition. Her life will be marked by it always.… (more)
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The story alternates between two points of view. Gyorgi, a mountain peasant, has just killed the murderer of his brother. Under the code he has a 30 day respite, known as the "Bessa", after which he becomes fair game and can expect a bullet from the family of the man he murdered at any time.
We also follow a honeymooning couple from the big city as they tour this mountain region. The husband has an intellectual and academic interest in the code, and hopes to come across some examples of its workings. His romanticized notions of the code fail to recognize that real blood and real tragedy lie beneath its strictures.
The book is simply told, and reads somewhat like a Grimm's Fairy Tale, although a complex and nuanced fairy tale. It cast its spell on me, and drew me into this remote and harsh world.
Highly recommended.
Kadare quickly establishes the grim pointlessness of the practice, and it comes as a shock to discover that the feud - which has killed 22 members of each family over the course of the last 70 years - could have been ended at any time if the family of the most recent victim had accepted blood money instead of demanding another death. And all this for a feud which began over one insult and drew in one of the families by the merest coincidence.
These first sections of the book are the most powerful. However, the focus of the story soon moves away from Gjorg and we are introduced to a young couple who have decided to spend their honeymoon in the mountains, tourists in what they see as "the world of legend, literally the world of epic that scarcely exists any more". The man, a writer, over-romanticises the exoticism around him, while his bride experiences a much more direct response to the pity and the excitement of life on the plateau. The young couple meet a range of different people and discuss their views of the blood-feud code, and the book begins to get bogged down in didacticism. It does return to narrative in the end, but I would have preferred to spend the thirty days with Gjorg experiencing his doubts and confusion.
This story deals at great length with the blood fueds which hold Albania back from meaningful progress. We meet an author who glorifies these conflicts in his work, but he lives to suffer because of
When Gjorg's brother is killed by a neighbor, it becomes Gjorg's duty to avenge his death. This immediately marks the end of Gjorg's life because the Gjakmarrja is never ending. The book begins with the narrative following Gjorg then shifts to a honeymooning couple from the city of Tirana visiting the plateau region and then to the steward of the blood, the man in charge of receiving the blood tax. The alternating narratives provide differing perspectives on the land of the rrafsh and the Kanun.
The mountain regions are believed to be the home of the gods and the people living there are like titans.
It is a sad, brutal little book and a great starting point for reading Ismail Kadare... one of my favorite books by this Albanian writer.
Gjorg is able to move about freely only during the 30-day period of bessa, a time when no one can harm him. But Gjorg is a hunted man the minute the bessa expires and he becomes the living dead: “Eternal time, that was no longer his, without days, without seasons, without years, without a future, abstract time, to which he had no attachments of any kind. Wholly alien, it would no longer give him any sign, any hint, not even about the day when he would meet his punishment, which was somewhere in front of him, at a date and place unknown, and which would come to him by a hand equally unknown.”
Much of the novel deals with the demands of the Kanun, ancient customs written down and enforced by the Steward of the Blood and various arbitrators interpret the “constitution of death” to settle disputes. Enter Bessian Vorpsi and his new wife, Diana. They are from Triana, and Bessian has made a name for himself writing about the Kanun in terms that some describe as naïve while others give more credence. Bessian and Diana are on their honeymoon to the High Plateau. Completely out-of-place, they are observers who are burned by touching that which they do not understand and can never really be part of. Their lives intersect in the briefest of moments with that of Gjorg for whom the contact is a glimpse of lives and life that he cannot comprehend beyond sensing a freedom that will never be his; for Diana, the contact changes the direction of her life because of its glimpse of a searing reality that contrasts with the superficiality she now perceives in Bessian.
The allegories abound and it is through these that Kadare comments on, and criticizes, the communist regime. The Steward of the Blood broods that the High Plateau is the only part of the world that, “was the permissible one, normal and reasonable. The other part of the world, ‘down there,’ was a marshy hollow in the earth that gave off foul vapors and the atmosphere of degeneracy”---exactly as a regime like that in Albania (or today’s North Korea) portrays itself vis-à-vis the outside world. The Steward is terrified that one day the only murder recorded is that committed by Gjorg; this is frightening because it speaks to a lack of fervor, perhaps winds of change in adherence to the Kanun; he resolves to travel throughout the countryside to ferret out, expose and expel those who might question continued adherence to the Kanun---a witch hunt we do not see in the novel, but which would parallel a communist regime’s constant demand for public, ideological commitment and the continuous search for enemies that justify its existence. There are “towers of refuge”, said to house a thousand men in total, where those marked for death can survive in relative safety as they await a possible change in a blood feud with a payment or some other resolution, waiting perhaps for years or the rest of their lives, losing health and eyesight in the perpetual gloom of the towers ---not unlike the suspension of life for those arrested and in the camps of the regime.
A novel more complex than it seems on the surface; intriguing.
This review is from: Broken April (Paperback)
Set in the remote Northern Highlands of Albania, the novel opens with a young man lying in wait to avenge the murder of his brother. But this 'honour killing'
Kadare starts the work by following Gyorgy after the death, his awareness of the approaching end of the truce: "Everyone had a whole April, while his was amputated, cut off" and his journey to the Castle of Orosh to pay the compulsory blood-tax.
Then into the story come a well-to-do honeymooning couple from Tirana. The groom is eager to show his wife the romantic world of the blood feud, but she reacts somewhat differently...
We also see the custom from the point of view of the 'steward of the blood', responsible for collecting the blood-tax, and for whom, therefore, the killings are a thing to be encouraged. This point is brought out in a later conversation, with political connotations:
-Blood has been turned into merchandise.
-That is an incontestable truth.
-Have you read Marx?
Broken April is perhaps the most eye-opening view of a world I knew nothing about. Set in mountains of Albania, Broken April is the story of a man bound to an extremely strict set of rules called the Kanun. The Kanun is a “code of conduct” that focuses on honor and hospitality, dictating the everyday actions of a person. It makes the American west of the 1800s seem very tame, the Levitical law lenient. Once one has become ensnared by the rules of the Kanun, there is no escape.
Initially, I imagined that these rules were a product of the author's imagination. If nothing else, they had to have been exaggerated. No group of people would willingly live under such rigorous regulations century upon century. Sadly, they're all true. Though I hate to knock on the beliefs and cultures of another group, these rules are ridiculous and very dangerous. It's a wonder that those who subscribe to the Kanun as a rule for life have not gone extinct by now.
As far as a novel goes, Broken April is a bit uneven. When the story focuses on Gjorg, it is riveting and breathtaking. I felt his anxiety. He is a marked man and though the reader must know it's impossible for him to escape, you hope there is a way. Also, I was enraptured with Diana, a newlywed who does not live under the Kanun, but who is similarly held captive by the authority of her husband. But the novel spends far too much time on the boring, ridiculous Bessian and on characters such as Mark, who merely provided a different visual perspective. Without these interruptions, I likely would've made my way through this novel in very little time; unfortunately, I felt too much of what Diana must've felt: God, I wish Bessian would just shut up.
There is a haunting atmosphere to Broken April, especially as we follow Gjorg around. It reminds me of John Steinbeck's time in Mexico. There is a similarity in theme and setting to both “Flight” and The Pearl, though there is a feeling of timelessness in Broken April. It is this timelessness, this sense that these rules will continue until everyone is finally dead, that give this novel its most grievous quality.
The story opens with Gjorg , a mountaineer from Northern Albania, killing his prey, a revenge killing as his brother was the last victim. Although Gjorg had no great desire to murder anyone, he was following the rules dictated by his culture, and now, it is his turn to wait for death once the 30 day truce is over. Into this world arrives the honeymooning couple of Bessan and Diana Vorpsi. Bessan is a prominent author and they are from the modern city of Tirana. While Bessan sees romance and adventure in this mountain code, Diana sees the oppressive side, the waste and tragedy. By using these three to highlight his story, the author is able to portray all angles of the blood feud.
Although this was a very interesting book, I also found it incomprehensible that families would be willing for these blood vendettas to go on over generations. How anyone could sacrifice their own children for the sake of “honor” is beyond me. I know very little about Albania and Broken April was an excellent way to learn about one aspect of their tumultuous past. The story is simply told, without embellishments, although a dark sense of doom pervades each page. Although depressing, this was a thought-provoking read.
This novel focus on a blood feud between two Albanian families -- they trade killings between
An interesting story overall.
The story, set at some unspecified moment in the 20th century, probably around the 1920s, follows a man called Gjorg, who has just, reluctantly, performed the killing that is required of him by custom. He now has an agreed truce-period of thirty days before the designated member of the dead man's family will be allowed to shoot him in turn. Crossing Gjorg's path during this time are a writer from the big city, honeymooning in the "romantic" mountains with his new wife; an expert on Kanun-law, the judge Ali Binak, who travels the country settling disputes; and the Steward of the Blood, the man who is responsible for collecting the murder-tax that is the main source of income of the ruling prince of the region. Each gives us a slightly different perspective on the craziness of the system where feuds can never end until all the men of one or other of the contending families are wiped out, and on the people who have an interest in keeping this system alive.
Concise, clear-sighted, and very strange.