Publication
Original publication date
Collections
Subjects
Awards
Description
In The Feast of the Goat, this 'masterpiece of Latin American and world literature, and one of the finest political novels ever written' (Bookforum), Mario Vargas Llosa recounts the end of a regime and the birth of a terrible democracy, giving voice to the historical Trujillo and the victims, both innocent and complicit, drawn into his deadly orbit. Haunted all her life by feelings of terror and emptiness, forty-nine-year-old Urania Cabral returns to her native Dominican Republic - and finds herself reliving the events of l961, when the capital was still called Trujillo City and one old man terrorized a nation of three million. Rafael Trujillo, the depraved ailing dictator whom Dominicans call the Goat, controls his inner circle with a combination of violence and blackmail. In Trujillo's gaudy palace, treachery and cowardice have become a way of life. But Trujillo's grasp is slipping. There is a conspiracy against him, and a Machiavellian revolution already underway that will have bloody consequences of its own. A Macmillan Audio production from Farrar, Straus and Giroux.… (more)
User reviews
Beautifully written the story immerses you in the last days of Rafael Leónidas Trujillo Molina, Dictator of the Dominican Republic from 1930 to 1969, when the Catholic Church and USA have turned their back on him and assassination plots grow thick. This is not a story to be read in snatches, take a deep breath and dive in as characters and time lines are expertly, thickly, layered to create one of the best, most exciting historical fictions books I have read in a long while.
The Dominican setting comes fully alive in Llosa's hands as do the multitude of characters. For he loves to get into the characters heads, to show you what they are thinking and where they have come from. This deepness creates a gripping and horrifying tale of the impact of dictatorship, of a endemic misogynistic culture, of the cruelty of international politics, that some things can never be forgiven.
The cast we follow is deftly chosen; Trujillo himself on his last day, the assassins waiting on a lonely road, an odious cabinet minster or two. He balances these characters, adding extra dimension to the tale by also following X who is returning to the Dominican Republic many years after these events, returning after the traumatic events forced her to flee. If it seems overwhelming it isn’t they all flow into just 3 story arch’s of Trujillo, of the murder and of the present. But Llosa doesn't baby the audience, you need to be awake for this, to do it justice. Llosa has this great literary trick used towards the end when a reminisces will segue present into past without breaking sweat, hammering home the impact to sublime effect.
I like it so much it’s hard to see where others may dislike it, the darkness could be a problem, the seeming complexity or the simplification of history (note I don’t know how accurate it is) or maybe they feel some characters to be superfluous. Still it’s worth a go and I highly recommend it, you don’t need to know the history (although nicknames can be confusing), this is a book to experience, to chew on and even to love.
And there went the fifth star.
Now I am asked to admire the virtuosity of The Feast of the Goat. I don't. I find it's plot, centered around the assassination of The Dominican Republic's dictator Trujillo in 1961, irresistible, and the blending of narratives competent, five steps back from Conversation in the Cathedral, but competent. Most importantly, I find the book to be a fairly exhaustive portrayal of a dictatorship and the way it permeates a society, destroying the will of the people, the very yearning for independent thought and action, the irreparable damage to an entire nation's psyches and emotional lives. This is the last serious work of a great novelist, so it is not surprising that the portrayal of the dictator and his lackeys is fine, that the portrayal of the assassins is compelling, and even that he pulls off the most important task he set himself, making powerful and real the contemporary character whose return to the Dominican after a 35 year absence generates the stories in the book.
Where Llosa failed, he did not attempt, so it would be unfair to charge the book with that failure, but it does reduce the importance of the book. The book has every opportunity to portray the lives of the poor, the lumpenproles--particularly those hired by the Dominican secret service to terrify the populace--yet Llosa set his standards somewhat lower, and rather than a great book that would have rivalled his two best he has written a book worth reading mostly for its political historical aspect. I recommend the book, but not the cover.
Much of the book is told in chapters that alternate between three perspectives: Trujillo himself, a group of people waiting to kill him, and a woman who returns to the Dominican Republic for the first time since fleeing it in 1961. In the process the third person narrative is told from the perspective of over a dozen people, all of whose lives revolve around Trujillo in different ways, including his puppet President, his top ministers and generals, lower-level soldiers plotting to kill him, his housekeeper, and the women he rapes.
Most of the first half of the book takes place on the day of the assassination itself, alternating between a description of Trujillo’s day (which starts at 4am) and his assassins/killers/executions (depending on your perspective) waiting for his car to pass by. Vargas Llosa uses flashbacks to illuminate a wider canvas. This part is really excellent and although the outcome is foreordained, has a tiny bit of the tempo of a thriller.
More amazing is the second half which mostly takes place in the months following the Trujillo’s killing as the secret police try to round up the killers. Vargas Llosa describes in meticulous detail how each of them is killed, many in public shootouts, some following months of brutal torture in prison, and the last few shot for sport the night before Trujillo’s family finally fleas. What makes this part of the book even better than the first half is first that it does not conform to a standard plot, second the unflinching depiction of Bruegelian brutality, and finally the pointlessness of it all because Trujillo is dead and his family clearly will not survive in the Dominican Republic for long. So it is all just personal revenge being carried out on a large scale in a nation.
Overlaying all of this, opening and closing the novel, is the story of Urania Cabral, a woman who returns after fleeing the country as a fourteen year old in 1961. She is there to tell her ailing father how much she hates him. The reason is easy to guess not long into the novel as we learn Trujillo’s habit of raping women, many of them wives and daughters of the people closest to him. But this does not diminish the power of the eventual revelation.
In what turns out to be an effective literary device, the story is told from three perspectives and two different time frames in alternating chapters. Urania Cabral, a successful lawyer visiting her homeland for the first time after living in the United States for 35 years, has returned to confront her father and the ghosts of the past that she buried when she left the island just weeks before Trujillo’s assassination. The other two narratives take place in 1961 and focus on the Generalissimo as he progresses through the day on which he is killed as well as several of the “executioners” involved in the murder plot.
While the tale of Urania and her father, Senator Augustin Cabral, is pure fiction (i.e., they did not really exist), those centered on Trujillo, his sadistic comrades, and his assassins are embellished accounts based on factual occurrences. In fact, the historical portions of the novel work far better than the parts set in the modern day; in tone and substance, Urania’s story seemed a little disjoint from the other accounts and was almost a distraction. Regardless, ‘The Feast of the Goat’ is a powerful meditation on how absolute power truly does corrupt absolutely, irrespective of whether the original intentions were noble and just (and sanctioned by both the Church and the U.S. government). With few heroes and very little hope, this is a book that was, at times, very difficult to read. Nevertheless, it is also an important work that deserves all of the acclaim it has received.
Trujillo was one of most ‘successful’ of the many dictators in Latin America, ruling with an iron hand, fending off threats from the communists, America, the Catholic Church, and Haiti, and all while growing rich and having anything he wanted, including the wives of the sycophants around him, and young virgins, even late in life, at the age of 70. It’s an obvious example of absolute power corrupting absolutely. Trujillo has his enemies tortured and killed, massacres tens of thousands of Haitian immigrants, and insists upon being worshipped by his people. The sexual abuses are an activity picked up by his degenerate sons, reminiscent of Saddam Hussein and his sons.
The novel made me thank my lucky stars I was born into a far better situation, and it’s an interesting perspective, as the United States and JFK are viewed in passing, a threat to this little world, and yet distant.
The novel may also cause you to ask yourself difficult questions. To what lengths would you go to embrace a man in power, if he was bringing order and some degree of prosperity to your country? Would you try to stand up to him, knowing that you would be risking not only yourself but your family – your parents, your spouse, your children, all of them – to imprisonment, torture, and horrifying deaths? What moral compromises would you make to survive, and how far would you take those, if they meant subjecting an innocent loved one to horrors? If you were part of a plot that required perfect execution, would you hesitate at the critical moment, or would you be brave and resolute throughout? Would you harbor a stranger who was a fugitive, if you knew that should he be discovered in your house, it would be looted, burned to the ground, and the only way you could consider yourself lucky is if your death came quickly?
As in any situation, there is a mix of reactions from the characters involved, some admirable, some abominable. The human condition.
Vargas Llosa weaves the story together masterfully, alternating between perspectives and between past and present. Despite all of its revolting events, the novel is one of endurance, both for Urania, and for the country, which heals under an intelligent but unlikely leader in Joaquin Balaguer, who navigates through the chaos which ensued after the assassination with a deft hand. For that’s what we must do: be brave, fight the good fight, and endure.
Quotes:
On books, loved this one, quoting Rabindranath Tagore:
“An open book is a mind that speaks; closed, a friend who waits; forgotten, a soul that forgives; destroyed, a heart that weeps.”
On killing:
“’How did Your Excellency feel when you gave the order to eliminate thousands of illegal Haitians?’
‘Ask your former President Truman how he felt when he gave the order to drop the atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki. Then you’ll know what I felt that night in Dajabon.’”
On “prayer”, so blatantly sacrilegious, and loved the ending to this:
“’Dear God, do this for me. Tonight I need to fuck Yolanda Esterel right. So I can know I’m not dead. Not an old man. And can go on doing your work for you, moving this damn country of assholes forward. I don’t care about the priests, the gringos, the conspirators, the exiles. I can clear away all that shit myself. But I need your help to fuck that girl. Don’t be a miser, don’t be stingy. Give me your help, give it to me.’ He sighed, with the disagreeable suspicion that the one he was pleading with, if he existed, must be observing him in amusement from the dark blue backdrop where the first stars had begun to appear.”
On the outer shell:
“Urania! What if after all these years you discover that behind your determined, disciplined mind, impervious to discouragement, behind the fortress admired and envied by others, you have a tender, timid, wounded, sentimental heart?”
And this one, on being damaged:
“Are you an iceberg, Urania? Only with men. And not with all of them. With those whose glances, movements, gestures, tones of voice announce a danger. When you can read, in their minds or instincts, the intention to court you, to make advances. With them, yes, you do make them feel the arctic cold that you know how to project around you, like the stink skunks use to frighten away an enemy. A technique you handle with the mastery you’ve brought to every goal you set for yourself: studies, work, an independent life. ‘Everything except being happy.’ Would she have been happy if, applying her will, her discipline, she had eventually overcome the unconquerable revulsion and disgust caused by men who desired her? You could have gone into therapy, seen a psychologist, an analyst. They had a remedy for everything, even finding men repugnant. But you never wanted to be cured. On the contrary, you don’t consider it a disease but a character trait, like your intelligence, your solitude, your passion for doing good work.”
However, slow as the novel starts it imperceptibly sucks you in. By the time the action starts and the reprisals begin you feel all manner of emotions for the various characters who are so steadily built up throughout the story. Llosa's descriptions of the torture scenes are some of the most horrific stuff I've read (even if it may not be true you believe it's what could have happened). Similarly, the light at the end of the tunnel (so to speak, while I try and avoid any potential spoilers) is very uplifting and quite moving.
I suppose my only minor criticism of the novel is that the Uranita's storyline, which felt so important to begin with, started to seem increasingly inconsequential as the greater events unfolded. If the assassination storyline is the "macro" level of events, then I realise the importance of this, the "micro" level. But the conspirators have their own detailed backstories and tragedies and they don't take up nearly as much space. Uranita's storyline isn't bad at all, it's quite affecting at times, but the way it's strung out feels very deliberate in a way the gradual pace of the assassination plot never did.
That's a small criticism though as I was thoroughly sucked into this novel despite my lack of knowledge on the subject of Trujillo and the Dominican Republic. Roll with the slow start and you'll be richly rewarded.
This is a good book that really
The author, while writing fiction, also seems to want to write a history of the time. The 2 impulses often clash, when the story becomes wooden and is overwhelmed by the complete-ist requirements of history. In one thread in particular you end up with about 1/4 page of names of people who were at a meeting, but none of them are characters or play a part in the fictional story.
Another issue for non-Spanish speakers, and those not familiar with the culture is the use of full names, including the second last name. They often seem to go on forever, and make it hard to keep the characters straight.
The book is divided into 3 threads, to tell different aspects of the event, its aftermath and the way it impacted the lives of many people. Vargas tries to show how everybody was touched by the filth : those who were damaged/killed/maimed, their friends, their relatives, those who had to keep silent in the face of such monstrosity, and those who had to actively collaborate to keep them and their families alive.
The first thread is set in the modern day and is of a middle aged woman, Urania, who has been away from the DR and estranged from her family for 35 years. She is the daughter of one of Trujillo's closest advisers. Her father betrayed her when she was 14, and she has never completely recovered. He meanwhile, survived Trujillo, and the aftermath of the assassination, only to succumb to a stroke that left him a prisoner in his frozen and uncommunicative body.
Urania fills the part of the damaged survivor, and she is able to look back and speak about life in the past. She is able to contrast her early innocence and naivete about the truth of the dictatorship, and then after her event, she speaks about the ability to see the lies and the corrosive action of the fear, the collaboration, and the violence.
Unfortunately she is not done well as a real person, or an interesting character. We never really learn what motivates her, and her ending seems artificial. She never becomes more than a cardboard avatar.
The best thread is the one that belongs to Trujillo. We get to see what motivates him, and how he views his actions. Of course this is not based in truth, but it is done so well that it is totally believable. It is also completely scary to see how easy it is to rationalize and to ignore the harm one does. He is not some evil mindless cartoon monster, but a real person who chooses to be evil, and lie to himself about his actions.
The weakest thread is the one that seems to hold everyone else. It starts out with four of the assassins, but after the event, it seems to belong to any and all. It is the weakest in terms of story coherence. We meet four men and read about them and their lives and families, and then they are either gone or become only occasional entries. Other characters take their place, and we also learn about their lives and families, but its like a revolving door. Very interesting, but hard to keep track of who is who, what they do, and what their position is regarding Trujillo.
After the assassination the story occasionally has the killers, but focuses more on the Trujillistas left and their attempts to keep things calm to prevent a US invasion, and to gain power, and crush their opponents.
It is also through this thread that you get a sense of the breadth and depth of the evil of regime. Almost everyone has had a run in the Trujillo, and/or the secret police. Many have lost friends and family members, and live in fear of the same thing happening to them. It serves the purpose of the history approach to the book, at the expense of the story element.
Even with all its issues, it is still an amazing read, and worth the effort.
It didn't really need the framing story of the fictional Urania Cabral, who left the island aged fourteen and never spoke to her family again, before returning thirty-five years later to confront her demons.
I didn't really know anything about the Trujillo era, as it ended before I was born, and although I've read "How the Garcia Girls Lost their Accents" which is about a family who had to leave the Dominican Republic for political reasons, the story didn't go into detail.
The story of the dictator Trujillo from several points of view, each of which giving a specific enlightment on the life of the Generalisimo and dictatorial leader of the Dominican Republic during 30 years.
Vargas Llosa back at his best.
It is a wide cast of characters, but the integration of their representative roles in the operation of the regime is seamless, as are the themes that Llosa explores, never didactically, but in consideration of complex relationships and even more complex psychologies. This novel is insightful in its touching upon the sociology and mass psychology of repression; the individual psychology of persons caught up in the corruption of power and influence; the fear and terror and tension of living under such a regime; the lives of those who profit from such a regime, ranging from sadistic murderers to the more complex psychologies of intellectuals who are clear-eyed opportunists, or who spin dense webs of self-deceit; how it is almost impossible to maintain any moral stance once one’s soul is sold to the system that is insidious in how it corrupts and co-opts people at all levels; the much deeper moral question of risking the lives of countless innocent people by your own action, however “justified” that action may seem; the long-term effects of such a system on society and the scars, physical and psychological that individuals carry; the sheer courage and commitment required to oppose such a regime when the penalties, if discovered, make one pray and plead for a quick death that is seldom granted.
Llosa also explores, in the aftermath of the assassination, how no course of events, even seminal events, is pre-ordained but is determined by the actions of individuals. The assassins had acquired the support of General Roman, the Head of the Armed Forces who was to play a key role in mobilizing the military and arresting the key players in the Trujillo government as soon as he knew Trujillo was dead. But he was indecisive, he wasted precious time, though he “new with certainty what he ought to do and say at that moment, he didn’t do that either”. The tension is palpable and you can only feel anguish as the opportunities ineluctably slip away. The regime’s players were able to regroup and take command and for General Roman, the result was four months of incessant, hideous torture.
Trujillo was a monster. Under his rule there were improvements in the economy, public finances, and general well-being of the people, but it was accompanied, and buttressed, by torture, murder, corruption, theft of government revenues in the hundreds of millions. Trujillo, aka the Chief, the Maximum Leader, the Benefactor, the Father of the New Nation, Generalissimo, the Restorer of Financial Independence, ruled through terror and whimsy and constantly setting factions or individuals against each other, grinding people down to the point where prominent men would hide their wives and daughters lest they catch his lecherous eye and he would want to have sex with them, as he often did and then threw it back in the face of the husband/father in public humiliations.
Llosa is fascinated, as should we all be, with the fact that these “structures of power are not alien creatures from another world. They spring from the depths of the human soul” (as put in an essay on Llosa that I read recently). This is both the horror of the situation, but also its basis for hope.
A very fine book. Highly recommended.
This book has made me want to learn more from my parents about what it meant to be born and live through the Trujillo era. What it meant to my family and what was really going on during that time. I have heard some stories from my father, but now the context of understanding has
It has also made me think of the depraved regimes that exist today and how complicit we are in our inactivity... why so many men of power choose their greedy and sadistic lives, and so many choose to do nothing.
The Feast of the Goat, highlights the story of the era of Trujillo in a way that makes you see history as real and not just text in a book. Although fictionalized, it brings home, the vast pain of a nation; but also, how blind and apathetic a people can be. It breaks my heart to see that so many innocent people are made to pay for the choices of the few.
I would like think my choices would be different given the same set of circumstances, but then, I was born a different person, in a different era.
Red hot Caribbean.
Decent overall
This is a real page turner. I wanted to know Urania's story: why does she hate her father, and why has she never returned to Dominica? Will the conspiracy to assassinate Trujillo succeed? Will the conspirators survive? Will Trujillo's insane brothers and son destroy the country?