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In Bellona, reality has come unglued, and a mad civilization takes root A young half-Native American known as the Kid has hitchhiked from Mexico to the midwestern city Bellona-only something is wrong there . . . In Bellona, the shattered city, a nameless cataclysm has left reality unhinged. Into this desperate metropolis steps the Kid, his fist wrapped in razor-sharp knives, to write, to love, to wound. So begins Dhalgren, Samuel R. Delany's masterwork, which in 1975 opened a new door for what science fiction could mean. A labyrinth of a novel, it raises questions about race, sexuality, identity, and art, but gives no easy answers, in a city that reshapes itself with each step you take . . . This ebook features an illustrated biography of Samuel R. Delany including rare images from his early career.… (more)
User reviews
First, I confess to not being a Delany fan. I think some of his popular science fiction criticism is worthwhile. He has a great talent for titles, and some of his descriptions have real poetic power. One need to look no farther
It's not accurate to say _Dhalgren_ is unreadable. Large chunks of it make sense and seem to be following a narrative pattern -- at least until the final "plague journal" segment. Our amnesiac hero, the Kid, wonders into Bellona, a city suffering from a recent and never specified disaster, meets some strange people, has lots of sex, takes up poetry and leading the Scorpions, a quasi-criminal gang. (Someone recently remarked on Bellona's resemblance to post-Katrina New Orleans. It's probably not entirely coincidental given that Delany wrote part of the novel in that city.)
Nor is it precise to say _Dhalgren_ is incoherent.
The ruling metaphor seems to be the peculiar chains of prisms, mirrors, and lens several characters, including the Kid, carry. Just as those optical devices spread light out, reflect it, and focus it, Delany's narrative does that with notions of truth, authority, or consistency. Besides the above mentioned narrative uncertainties, there are elliptic conversations; Kid's possible madness; the oddities of the setting with two moons, irregularly lengthened days, an anomalous sun peering very occasionally through the overcast; the ignoring of Bellona by the outside world. The Kid's journal, basis for our story, is fragmented, out of chronological order, and not even entirely by the Kid. All this serves to scatter any thematic statement other than reality not being knowable, the narrative a metafictional game. Yet, at other times, Delany has brief asides about the nature of our reality: the place of the engineer in society; the idea of a megalithic republic so big its inhabitants seldom leave it as opposed to smaller countries outside of China, the USSR, and America; or the oh-so-seventies notion of essential male-female identicalness. None of these sections has the tone, confidence, or entertainment of a Heinlein lecture at his most hectoring. The question of race is mentioned since most of the remaining inhabitants of Bellona are black. Yet here, and in the section pointing to the threesome of the Kid and his lovers Denny and Lanya as a new type of sexual relationshp, Delany seems to want to bring issues into focus. The same holds true for the relationship of the artist to society since Kid is a celebrity poet. But Delany's vagueness says nothing remarkable about race. Many people admire Kidd's poetry without reading it, and Delany deliberately gives us mixed messages about it. We see none of it, and it may be as bad as one character says. Delany's ambiguities undercut his frequent and annoying equation of artist as outlaw. Scorpion leader Kid may not be all that bad of a criminal, but he also may not be that great of a poet.
So, judged as conventional fiction, this novel is incoherent. But, if Delany's intent is metafictional puzzles, the constuction of a confusing story whose conclusion is a sentence fragment that melds with the novel's opening fragment, than his structure and technique do cohere.
Delany is guilty of one of three things here: incompetently attempting to convey a message beyond tedious metafiction, pulling the literary con of passing off obscurity and bad writing as a puzzle too difficult for the reader to solve but for which a solution exists, or not fitting the pieces of a real puzzle together well enough.
And Delany certainly seems aware of how most will react. A sentence toward the end: "... as one reads along, one becomes more and more suspicious that the author has lost the thread of his argument, that the questions will never be resolved, or more upsetting, that the position of the characters will have so changed by the book's end that the answers to the initial questions will have become trivial".
Read this novel only if you're working your way through one of those lists of recommended science fiction classics. And I suspect this novel will show up on fewer and fewer such lists as time goes on.
Bellona has suffered a singularity. It's not clear why the city has become cut off from the rest of America; no television, no radio, no telephones. Strange things happen. A building catches fire and burns for days without being consumed. Two full moons appear on the rare day when the constant smoke clears. Landmarks appear to shift. A single bus route is still running, its driver going where and when he will.
The unnamed hero, who becomes known as Kidd, never helps the reader solve the riddle of Bellona. He knows little of his past but it seems he was once in a psychiatric hospital. He suffers blackouts that jar the novel's narration several times leaving more holes in the story rather than filling any. The third person narration is so closely tied to Kidd, that it becomes as unreliable as he is.
Though the bulk of Dhalgren takes place in a single location, it's essentially a road novel. Kidd moves from one set of characters to another as he moves through the city. He begins at the commune in the park where he meets Lanya, a girl he will form a close bond with as the novel progresses. He spends the night with Tak Lafour, an engineer who moved into the city after its fall and became a sort of wise old man, the guy others go to for advice. Tak knows the fallen city inside out. Kidd gets a job moving furniture for the Richards family who insist on maintaining appearances, pretending that everything is normal as everything around them slowly falls apart. Mr. Richard's leaves for work each morning, though no one knows where he spends his day. Mrs. Richard's runs the family's luxury apartment as she always did, serving empty soup bowls at dinner time in a strange charade of the family dinner.
Kidd has found a notebook, filled with someone's diary about the city. He uses the blank pages and margins to write poetry of his own which is published in a small edition halfway through the novel by the city's main celebrity Roger Calkins who keeps a large, walled mansion filled with celebrity guests from the outside world. One of them, a poet, takes an interest in Kidd and encourages his writing. By the end of the novel, Kidd has fallen in with a street gang, the Scorpions, who wear mirrored disks that create holographic disguises. Kidd forms a family, reuniting with Lanya after the commune in the park breaks up, who becomes his girlfriend. The two are joined by Denny, a teenager who shares their bed.
What to make of all this? Should on even try to make anything?
Science fiction author and fan of the novel, William Gibson, has said that Dhalgren is "a riddle never meant to be solved." But it's human nature to solve riddles, even when there is no solution.
Some possibilities:
In the midst of this massive, post apocalyptic science fiction novel, Kidd is writing poems. Here Dhalgren becomes an extended meditation on the creation of art, how art works, where it comes from, how it suffers when it becomes a commodity, how the artists must finally face the reaction of the public. Not something I expected to find in a science fiction novel.
Though published in 1975, Dhalgren is a product of the 1960's; the influence of the hippie movement on it is clear. It can be read as a critique of the changes American society during that decade. The commune in the park Kidd finds when he first arrives in Bellona is a hippie paradise. Golden Gate Park 1968. The Summer of Love. The commune runs as a collective, everyone helps with the food, the maintainence of their camp and the construction of new shelters. The members move from partnership to partnership, without moral constraints. They are as free as anyone could be. The Richards, whom Kidd works for, don't know what to make of the commune nor of the changes their city has gone through. They insist on going on exactly like they always have. When their eldest son begins to question their way of life, they force him out and pretend he has died. Their daughter sneaks off to join the commune and to sleep with a radical black leader whenever she can. The commune falls apart, just as the hippie movement did. It ends in crime and exploitation without leaving any mark on the landscape, having failed to build any of the permanent structures they had planned.
There is much more in Dhalgren--as many solutions to its riddle as their are readers. I will be keeping my copy. I'm not sure if I'll ever re-read it--at 800 pages I make no promises--but if I do, I'm sure I find a new set of answers to its riddles. Dhalgren is that kind of book.
It's an extremely rare example of an experimental novel that succeeds so completely that it's hard to imagine anyone actually writing it.
The book itself
A man who doesn't know himself wanders into a city cut out of the world, a city suffering from some unspecified disaster yet still trying to struggle on. This man meets various people, takes up an identity they assign him, and tries to make a life there. The people he meets are all trying to continue their lives in some way -- this is no Utopian story of people bravely banding together to overcome adversity. No, this is a story of people living along the continuum of denial and acceptance. They use sex, poetry, and aggression to deal (or not deal) with what ever has happened. Some dance. Some hide. Some just survive as best they can.
This is a "what if" story in the classic sense of science fiction. The "what ifs" are piled one upon another, building a weird edifice with an internal logic not easily understood but possible to simply accept.
The book is work. The book is fascinating and repellent, very dated in its 1960s hippy outlook and yet still reachable.
It's worth reading more than once.
Definitely a book that will challenge people's ideas on sexuality, as well as race, gender, and how to define art. Some of it was rather intense for me to read, so I would not recommend this book to anyone who is easily offended.
I’m not so sure.
Weighing in at over 800 pages, much of what happens takes place in Bellona, a city devastated by some unknown calamity and follows the wanderings, adventures, discussions and passionate encounters of a homeless young man who cannot remember his name and assumes the moniker Kidd, or Kid depending where you are in the book. While Bellona and the people Kidd encounters are interesting, the book is essentially plotless with Delaney teasing readers frequently with inexplicable events and possibly profound insights that flutter just outside of the reader’s understanding.
Written in the mid-1970s , Dhalgren shares the aimlessness and lack of purpose that permeated that decade between the sexual revolution and the AIDS epidemic, when physical passion replaced the passion engendered by a sense of purpose. The conversations about such still-debated topics as race, gender and sexuality may have been groundbreaking and original when written but now seem to be shallow and selfish. Maybe the most profound thing Delaney says is his statement on page 685 that “balling a couple of dozen people in one night is merely a prerequisite for understanding anything worth knowing.”
William Gibson was known to say that Dhalgren is a riddle never meant to be solved. Maybe it is, like Russia, a riddle, wrapped in a mystery, inside an enigma. Or maybe, like several of the denizens of Bellona, the Emperor has no clothes. Who’s to say?
There were long passages of poetic rambling and vague descriptions of vague things. This is
BUT... in between the filler a somewhat interesting book was happening, it was just really hard to find. I was intrigued enough that I kept slogging through it, but eventually I just found it to be too much. I didn't finish it, and I rarely do that either, although I'm learning to.
I still wish there was an edited version without some of the "I just took a hit and I'm going to tell you everything to goes through my mind" parts. It would be a much shorter book, and much better. Would it be good though? I don't know.
What is Dhalgren about? Well on one level, it is about the really strange things that happen to an extremely strange guy when he visits an extraordinarily strange place. On another level it is about the urban idle young, slackers who see life as nothing more than sex, drugs, and hanging out (every generation has a group like that, right?). On still another level it is about the act of authoring; our protagonist The Kid, who can’t remember his real name, writes poetry and keeps a journal about his adventures in the mysteriously devastated city of Bellona, which journal we are to understand was later edited, at times with transparent clumsiness, into the book that became Dhalgren.
The book includes lots of sex and occasional moments of violence. I doubt that there is such a thing as a script for a no-holds barred XXX video (what would be the point?), but if such a thing existed, much of Dhalgren would be indistinguishable from it. Sex of just about any imaginable variety is described in substantial detail. Much of it will make most readers squeamish, and some of it would likely get you arrested (in most places, anyway). Perhaps Delany is trying to shock his reader? Eventually it reached a point where I found it mind-numbing and pointless.
There are times when the writing is deliberately self conscious, such as when scenes seamlessly move from third person to first person and back, or when blocks of texts recounting complementary or simply contemporaneous events are given side by side within a single page. I find Delany to be a really interesting writer, and I am glad that I read Dhalgren, but I can’t agree with those who consider it one of the great science fiction novels.
I read this about 5 years ago and really don't remember many details but it boiled down some loser is wanding thru a hellish future world with no point or
Now if a book doesn't catch me in 50 pages, good bye. Too many great books to read. So in that respect Dhalgren did served a purpose.