An introduction to the pronunciation of English

Indeholder "Foreword", "Preface to Second Impression", "List of Phonetic Symbols and Signs", "Part I - Speech and Language", " Chapter 1. Communication", " Speech", " Writing", " Language", " Redundancy", " Phonetics and Linguistics", " Chapter 2. The Production of Speech", " The Speech Chain", "

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The Speech Mechanism", " Sources of Energy - the Lungs", " The Larynx and Vocal Cords", " The Resonating Cavities", " The Mouth", " The Lips", " The Tongue", " Articulatory Description", " Chapter 3. The Sounds of Speech", " Quality, Pitch, Loudness, Length", " The Speech Wave", " The Acoustic Spectrum - Vowels, Consonants", " Pitch - The Fundamental Frequency", " Loudness - Intensity", " Duration - Length", " Hearing", " Chapter 4. The Description and Classification of Speech", " Sounds", " Phonetic Description", " Vowel and Consonant", " The Consonantal Type", " Egressive Pulmonic Sounds", " Place of Articulation", " Manner of Articulation", " Semi-vowels and Frictionless Continuants", " Fortis-Lenis", " Classification of Consonants", " Egressive Glottalized Consonants", " Ingressive Articulations", " The Vowel Type", " Difficulties of Description", " The Cardinal Vowel Scale", " Nasality", " Pure and Gliding Vowels", " Classification of Vowels", " Chapter 5. Sounds in Language", " Speech Sounds and Linguistic Units", " The Linguistic Hierarchy", " The Phoneme", " Diversity of Phonemic Solutions", " Relevant Features of Phonemes", " Allophonic Variants", " Neutralization of Phonemes", " Conditions of Phonemic Analysis", " The Word as a Basis for Phonemic Analysis", " The Syllable", " The Phonetic Approach", " The Linguistic Approach", " Vowel and Consonant", " Notation", " Prosodic Features", "Part II - The Sounds of English", " Chapter 6. The Historical Background", " Phonetic Studies in England", " Palsgrave, Salesbury", " Spelling Reformers - Smith, Hart, Gil", " Phoneticians - Wallis, Wilkins, Cooper", " Eighteenth Century - Johnson, Sheridan, Walker, Steele", " Nineteenth Century - Pitman, Ellis, Bell, Sweet", " Sound Change", " Types of Change", " Rate and Route of Change", " Sound Change and the Linguistic System", " Evidence for Reconstruction", " OE Sound System", " ME Sound System", " eModE Sound System", " PresE Sound System", " Modifications in the English Sound System", " Standards of Pronunciation", " Emergence of a Standard", " Present-day Situation", " Chapter 7. The English Vowels", " The Distinctive Vowels", " Vowel Glides", " Vowel Length", " Phonemic Interpretation of the Vowels", " Description of Vowels", " Acoustic Features", " Pure Vowels", " Diphthongal Glides", " Diphthongs + [a]", " Centring Diphthongs", " Weakly Accented Vowels", " Frequency of Occurrence of RP Vowels", " Chapter 8. The English Consonants", " The Distinctive Consonants", " Class A - Consonants Involving Closure or Stricture", " Plosives", " Phonetic and Phonemic Features", " Acoustic Features", " The Release Stage", " Affricates", " Phonemic Status", " Acoustic Features", " Fricatives", " Phonetic and Phonemic Features", " Acoustic Features", " Class B - Non-fricative or Glides", " Nasals", " Laterals", " Post-alveolar Frictionless Continuant", " Semi-vowels", " Frequency of Occurrence of RP Consonants", "Part III - The Word and Connected Speech", " Chapter 9. The Word", " Accent", " Prominence", " Word Accentual Patterns", " Word Pattern Instability", " Distinctive Word Accentual Patterns", " Elision", " Advice to Foreign Learners", " Chapter 10. Connected Speech", " Accent", " Manifestation of Accent", " Stress and Rhythm", " Quantity and Quality", " Intonation", " Accentual Function", " Realization of Primary Accent", " Types of Nucleus", " Realization of Secondary Accent", " Realization of Unaccented Syllables", " Attitudinal Function", " Falling Nuclei", " Rising Nuclei", " Falling-Rising Nuclei", " Multi-nuclear patterns", " Other Signals of Attitude", " Advice to Foreign Learners", " Chapter 11. The Word in Connected Speech", " Neutralization of Weak Forms", " Variation Word Accentual Patterns", " Phonetic Variations at Word or Morpheme Boundaries", " Allophonic Variations", " Phonemic Variations", " Fortis-Lenis Variations", " Variations of Place", " Nasality and Labialization", " Elision", " Liaison", " Juncture", " Advice to Foreign Learners", " Styles of Connected Speech", "Bibliography", "The International Phonetic Alphabet", "Subject Index".

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