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En aquesta novel·la fascinant i seductora, Doris Lessing s'encara directament amb els temes que han inspirat gran part de la seva escriptura prèvia: com s'ho fan els homes i les dones, dos éssers semblants i alhora completament diferents, per viure frec a frec en el món, i com les enutjoses particularitats del gènere afecten tots els aspectes de la nostra vida.Un vell senador romà a l'última etapa de la vida s'embranca en el que probablement serà la seva última temptativa: contar de nou la història de la creació de la humanitat. Explica la història de Les Clivelles, una antiga comunitat de dones que viuen en un paratge marí, agrest i paradisíac, en els confins d'una vall al peu d'una muntanya imponent. Les Clivelles no tenen ni necessitat ni coneixement dels homes -controlen la natalitat, com les marees que els llepen els peus, amb els cicles de la lluna, i només pareixen nadons femella. Però amb el naixement inesperat d'una criatura estranya -un nen-, l'harmonia d'aquesta comunitat asexual, tot d'un plegat, es veu amenaçada."Doris Lessing té una sensibilitat especial per les vulnerabilitats específiques dels joves i els vells. I els seus retrats de les relacions humanes són d'una bellesa sorprenent". The Times
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In the last years of his life, a contemplative Roman senator embarks on one last epic endeavor: to retell the history of human creation and reveal the little-known story of the Clefts, an ancient community of women living in an Edenic coastal wilderness. The Clefts have neither need nor knowledge of men; childbirth is controlled through the cycles of the moon, and they bear only female children. But with the unheralded birth of a strange new child--a boy--the harmony of their community is suddenly thrown into jeopardy. In this fascinating and beguiling novel, Lessing confronts the themes that inspired much of her early writing: how men and women manage to live side by side in the world and how the troublesome particulars of gender affect every aspect of our existence.… (more)
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Doris Lessing was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature 2007 and came across as a very interesting person in the interview, which was shown after the award winner was announced. I'm hoping to read some of her other books, which are highly acclaimed, but this was a very unfortunate introduction to her work.
It was a brave undertaking by Lessing. Like D. H. Lawrence in The Plumed Serpent she has to invent a mythology. Like D. H. Lawrence she doesn't succeed - though perhaps she is a little more readable, enjoyable. Were I re-reading The Plumed Serpent in the air I think I'd implore Quetzalcoatl or whoever - Cthulhu maybe - to crash the plane. But The Cleft simply felt labourious. Okay, vaginae and willies, clefts and squirts, we get that. Gender role archetypes, criticized here by other reviewers, were, well, largely a fact for better or for worse, so I get that too. Boys will sometimes be boys, because they stand up to pee or something.
For what it's worth I think Lessing is engaging in a phenomenological and etiological reading of religious history. Just wanted to say that. And, also for what it's worth, that's a time-honoured philosophical viewpoint. The reading of history she invents is fine.
But.
I'm just not sure why we have some sort of ersatz narrative voice, a rather featureless first century well-to-do Roman citizen. The ancients' narratives are presented, occasionally critiqued or otherwise questioned, and I'm afraid this reader was left with a meh. Yes, females, once the word was invented, have clefts, and males, once they're invented (or survive female horror at their deformity) have squirts, and yes human beings have various volitions and I guess anti-volitions but goodness, is that the time?
In the end a cave goes "poof" and history continues. Or begins. Or something. Thanks for the memories. I'll re-read the very different Summer Before the Dark and The Cleft will lapse into aeronautically-induced amnesia (because as it happens I re-read it on a flight, too.
There are some interesting ideas in the first section of the tale. The first fragmented bit of history that the ‘historian’ narrator recounts describes a world in which there was no awareness of females or mothers, for they were all female and mothers, and one can only define oneself by finding differences from the other. Moreover, they were scarcely aware of themselves as individuals, and many women were identified by the same title as they completed the same jobs. Interestingly, this is not really a utopia: the women are mindlessly content, but there is nothing in their mundane existence to envy. This is made clear by the narrator’s description of them as incurious almost slug like creatures. They do not question. They procreate effortlessly but do not seek to create or explore. Later on in the novel, they are repeatedly contrasted against the active men, who build and hunt and generally develop more skills in decades than the women have since whenever they crawled out of the sea.
Ultimately, this is my problem with the novel: the characters are gendered caricatures. While a few characters are picked out and followed, even these are slaves to their genes. The men are active; the women nag. The men want adventure and challenge; the women want clean huts and instinctively know how to fix hurts. Regardless of Lessing’s use of narrative voice, she seems to be endorsing a thoroughly biological view of human nature as fixed, unchanging and inescapable.
The main strength of the novel is its fluid narrative style which successfully creates a sense of myth. Lessing’s use of repetition emphasises this, especially in the first section of the novel, in which the same events are recounted three times, in a varying amount of detail. The fluidity of the characters supports this mode of storytelling. Even key characters suffer from a sense of flux: they appear without preface, their lifespan is indefinite and they vanish without care. In this way, the novel also raises some interesting questions about history: what can we know for certain? Who can we trust to record it?
Overall, this is an unusual novel that seems to lack a thoughtful response to the question it initially posed.
A change occurs and this is the starting point for the story: the women begin giving birth to boys – initially called monsters and sacrificed to the eagles because they’re considered deformed. I won’t go further than this in describing the plot, so as not to spoil it for others planning to read the book. But I will say that Lessing maintains distance between her readers and her characters. Perhaps the Clefts and monsters are meant to remain elusive because their recorded history can permit us no greater intimacy – or perhaps because Lessing wants to remind readers of how different people were, in these early stages of culture, from us today.
I guess I would say that this is a novel of ideas. It debates the limits of recoverable history, the politics of historical representation, sexual politics, gender stereotypes and so on. The early naming of women and men reduces them to their genitals: Clefts and Squirts. Indeed, in this early community, mating and reproduction become very important.
Some commentators have observed that there are plenty of gender stereotypes: women as naggers, nesters and fretting child-rearers and men as questers, warriors and delinquent fathers. This is true. I wasn’t sure whether this reflected on the bias of the Roman narrator or on the way gender roles were alleged to have emerged from ancient living conditions. Is Lessing saying that these roles were once – in ancient times – useful or inevitable (and now possibly archaic given our changed conditions)? Is she justifying them as biologically natural? Or is she suggesting that they are simply assumed and incorporated by the Roman narrator? I think this ambiguity, while uncomfortable, is actually one of the novel’s strengths.
That said, I found the book intriguing and challenging, rather than straightforwardly enjoyable. It won’t be to everyone’s tastes, so I recommend it to those interested in either Lessing or the ideas she debates.
When the Clefts learn of this, they wander over and thus begins the story of how the human race began. Add animals that feed the babies, genital mutilation, and depictions of rape and murder and you have The Cleft.
It was almost unbearable for me to read it. Crude and not well written. I would give it half a star if I could figure out how to do so
But my problem with the novel is that while it purports to be a Roman view of the world, Lessings story is told without any sense that it is being relayed by a Roman with Roman sensibilities, by someone whose mythological world is already filled with Greek and Roman concepts not just of creation, but of carefully defined aspects of female and male. Those stories of Aphrodite, Hera and Zeus still seem to me to carry more power, and insight into our character than Lessing´s. I struggle to see how it could have been relayed without reference to this already rich world of concepts of female and male, beyond the barest reference to the suckling of Romulus and Remus by the wolf-mother. And then I wonder why Lessing did not simply choose science fiction, or future history as the field in which to play out these themes, particularly as she has already written so well in both of them. At the end of the day I am left with the impression that she might have been attracted to the challenge of writing a convincing – and entirely new - story of the pre-history of men and women. But to write about our most basic aspects of femaleness and maleness without also referencing our incredibly rich concepts (expressed in ancient and modern myth) about male and femaleness seems to leave half the story untold. Or perhaps she intended to do exactly that, strip the story of all of our previously invented explanations and ask us to consider the issue afresh.
This book does not work at all as an entertainment; nor as the final word on the great themes of women and men. But as a thought-provoker, a subtle irritant that works on the mind – and the prejudices – of the reader, it sort of works. Perhaps best to approach this unpromising rough oyster via a more extensive reading of Lessings other books, lest you miss the small pearl contained herein.
The story is that women started giving birth to men, and, considering them deformed, put them out to die. Some of the men survived and then began rescuing the new male babies. After a lot of social upheaval, the men and women got together, and the human race switched over to sexual reproduction. Meanwhile, this tale explains most of the tensions between modern women and men.
Who knows - maybe it did happen that way? Kind of unlikely though. My feeling is that Lessing whipped this book off one daydreamy afternoon, which is about how long it takes to read it.
The story is of a time when the proto human race was all female. Strange babies start to be born (boys) and the
The idea was clever, but the thought that early versions of human kind were less inquisitive than ours does not ring true. There was also a surprising amount of gender stereotyping: men were rash, women nagged.
It is true that, on the whole, I tend to read factual books, but when I do read a novel, I either want to be entertained by a cracking yarn, or complete the final page with the idea that I know myself, or my fellow man, better. I could not say either in this case. Being stubborn, I shall try more of Doris Lessing's work before consigning her to a poor author (in my humble opinion!)