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As through a crack in the wall,By Night in Chile's single night-long rant provides a terrifying, clandestine view of the strange bedfellows of Church and State in Chile. This wild, eerily compact novel--Roberto Bolano's first work available in English--recounts the tale of a poor boy who wanted to be a poet, but ends up a half-hearted Jesuit priest and a conservative literary critic, a sort of lap dog to the rich and powerful cultural elite, in whose villas he encounters Pablo Neruda and Ernst Junger. Father Urrutia is offered a tour of Europe by agents of Opus Dei (to study "the disintegration of the churches," a journey into realms of the surreal); and ensnared by this plum, he is next assigned--after the destruction of Allende--the secret, never-to-be-disclosed job of teaching Pinochet, at night, all about Marxism, so the junta generals can know their enemy. Soon, searingly, his memories go from bad to worse. Heart-stopping and hypnotic,By Night in Chile marks the American debut of an astonishing writer.… (more)
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The novel, the death-bed reminiscences of Father Sebastian Lacroix (a poet and well-known literary critic) occur in Chile (and partly in Europe) pre-Allende, Allende, and post-Allende under Pinochet. The leitmotif is set on the very first page. Father Lacroix rummages around in his memory to “belie the slanderous rumors” that a “wizened youth” spread to sully the good Father’s name. As Father Lacroix muses: “One has to be responsible, as I have always said. One has a moral obligation to take responsibility for one’s actions, and that includes one’s words and silences, yes, one’s silences, because silences rise to heaven too, and God hears them, and only God understands and judges them, so one must be very careful with one’s silences. I am responsible in every way. My silences are immaculate. Let me make that clear.” But are they? Is he complicit in evil by his silence?
Even the good Father knows his silences may not be “immaculate” as he sifts through memories and asks himself: “Is it always possible for a man to know what is good and what is bad?” And then the old rationalization that even those who pride themselves on intelligence and culture fall back on: “we all knew that something had to be done, that certain things were necessary, there’s a time for sacrifice and a time for thinking reasonably.” Can a person always recognize a moral choice when the situation presents itself and can he/she make the right decision, always recognizing that doing nothing, staying silent is, in itself, a decision and one of the worst kind? What about the other kind of silence: of suspecting or knowing just enough to know that one does not wish to probe, to know further because that might force a moral choice? These are some of the issues that Bolano explores and in doing so, he spares no one: not the intellectuals who think themselves above plebian concerns but who turn a blind eye to moral involvement in order to preserve their intellectual rigour and detachment; not the church which he pillories with a brilliant parody on death by falcons to control pigeons; not the politicians and military who jostle for power regardless of the human toll, precisely because “the other” is not human and must be eliminated to crush opposition, however defined.
Still, Bolano does not completely despair: “Chile itself, the whole country, had become the Judas Tree, a leafless, dead-looking tree, but still deeply rooted in the black earth, our rich black earth with its famous 40-centimetre earthworms.” So, renewal is possible, because the earth is strong, but how is the tree to grow and be shaped as it is through the actions and inactions of men and women? There is no answer. This is life.
In the final touch, the good Father realizes that he is the wizened youth, “whose cries no one can hear”. The cries are the actions and silences that Father Lacroix must now acknowledge in assessing his life and his engagement and, as the final line of the novel says: “And then the storm of shit begins.”
A book that impresses me more and more as I think about it. Definitely recommended.
Although brief in length, this is a deceptively complex novel. It can be read as either a straightforward tale of one man’s final thoughts before passing away or as an allegorical and political history of the author’s native land of Chile. It is no secret that Bolaño’s sentiments ran contrary to those of the military dictatorship that controlled the country for many years—in fact, he spent time in jail under the Pinochet regime—and that attitutde of dissent is evident throughout the entire book. However, the story can also be seen as an indictment of the community of Chilean artists and writers that turned a blind eye toward the repression happening around them at that terrible time.
‘By Night in Chile’ is not as well known nor as well received as the author’s longer works of fiction (‘The Savage Detectives’, ‘2666’), but that should not dissuade potential readers. Bolaño was a marvelous writer and his talents for stylistic innovation (e.g., the entire story is essentially told in a single paragraph stretching to more than 100 pages) and insights into social conventions and human nature are on full display here. His prose is at once challenging, thought provoking, and profoundly moving, which is a most generous reward for the effort it takes to read it.
By Night in Chile is a stinging indictment of the literary elite and their role as bystanders, if not contributors, to the terror that permeated Chile under Pinochet. Replete with references to literary figures ranging from Dante to Ernst Jünger, as well as Chilean historical personages, the novel is best read with easy access to the Internet. Bolaño also condemns the Catholic Church for being "the well in which the sins of Chile sink without a trace." His imagery of the priests of Europe using falcons to bring down the pigeons and even doves of the people they supposedly guide is chilling. In addition to it's intellectual interest, the novel is wonderfully written with lines that are both concise and illustrative. Impressive.
The priest, Father Urrutia, is more a priest because he needs a clean day job and doesn't know what else to do, than through any calling or belief in God. He is attracted to literature as a writer and a critic. He is from the pampered upper class and has no real concern for the poor or those who are not in his artistic circle.
Unfortunately, the book is rather bland and bloodless. I don't really care about the priest, and I am neither interested nor horrified by his acts of omission and commission.
It is a very short book, but very badly written. Its a translation so I am not sure who is to blame. But it is almost 1 sentence that is 130 pages long. I am serious, there is very little punctuation. Perhaps that is why there is a distance to the events and people in the book.
The story is more of an excuse for his life and the choices he made, rather than a confession. He really isn't sorry. It is a musing on the life he lead and an attempt to justify himself. He was fine with working for the corrupt and the powerful, as long as his goals were met. He appears not to be a literary giant, and he knows it, so he settles for fame as a critic. He is aware that it gives him power to uplift or to crush others, especially those new to the literary scene.
The corrupt dictators also have the power to crush life, but Urrutia is oblivious to that aspect. He seeks out power and wants attention and will take it where he can find it. The implication is that he will even pander sexually to get what he wants.
It was short so it wasn't hard to read, and perhaps there is more than I am getting, but I thought it was a very average book.
And I didn't (read it in one sitting).
It has no chapters, no section breaks, no paragraphs. It's just one long monologue.
I don't think I quite caught what it was
I'll get back to you when I've re-read it properly....
Bolano's playful spirit shines through although this is a serious and thoughtful novel - I particularly enjoyed the Father's accounts of his visits (or not, as he recalls!) to the soirees of Maria Canales.
The somewhat esoteric form of the novel (a single paragraph of 130 pages and a final paragraph of one line) appears at first glance to be intimidating, but as commented by other reviewers, the wonderful rhythmic style of Bolano makes this a pleasure to read.
Having heard much about the deceased-mega-hyped-Chilean-novelist works, but having yet to read them, I started with his 2000 New Directions published By Night In Chile. Of his oeuvre at the time of this posting eight have been translated into English, and New
Bolano is known for populating his works with actual (and thinly veiled hypothetical) historical and literary figures. By Night and Chile can lay claim as having Pinochet and Nobel prize winning Chilean poet Pablo Neruda as characters (with speaking parts).
It is a first person account, confessional-memoir of one Sebastian Urrutia Lacroix, aka Father Urrutia. A now old Jesuit Priest slash poet who we learn on his deathbed is compelled to “clear up a couple of points” of his life. He does so in a single paragraph or stanza, at times dreamlike, almost always lyrical. (he can do this, he’s a poet after all). In Father Urrutia’s account there are six flashbacks, scenes or slices of time in which form the novels’ chronological structure. We are reliant on the lucidity of his memory, as he “tries to penetrate the phantasmagoric folds of time”. What becomes apparent, immediately, is the reader must treat his tale as an implied poem, or literary work, NOT a report of events. Secondly, he is old and his “memory” waivers in its detail and style suiting Bolano’s purpose perfectly, as his narrator is given a long leash to vary the language from the surreal to the limpid, and since thematically we are examining the relationships of literature/literati vs the state and religion in a culture he has masterfully wielded his form to his function.
Besides our narrator, the second most important character is Father Farewell. We are told Farewell is Chile’s most important literary critic, who just by coincidence is ALSO a Jesuit Priest. Farewell acts as a mentor and sounding board for our narrator and a friend of significant Chilean writers (Neruda spends time at his digs). The first section takes place at Farewell’s estate, La Bas, (significantly the name of a novel by the Fin de siècle writer Karl Huysmans). To the background of a haunting tango, there is a bacchanalian scene on the terrace, where the iconic Neruda is spied by the younger narrator chanting to the moon. Farewell drunkenly asks the younger Urrutia if he is familiar with the “role of night” in the Italian Troubadour poets, particularly Sordel de Goit (or) Sordello Da Goito as sometimes known. He chants, Sordel, Sordello, which Sordello? Dante’s Sordello? (he figured in the Purgatory section of The Divine Comedy) Pound’s Sordello? (referenced in the Cantos) or Sordello’s own planh (funeral lament) on the death of his patron, Blacatz? He could be seen as a either the unprincipled historical figure, or Dante’s Sordello, a moral voice of his country. This “confession” parallels Dante’s Sordello, who was prevented from confessing and reconciliation by sudden death.
This drunken Sordello riff frames a theme of the novel, and prefigures later scenes that explore the role of the literati, the intelligentsia and their place in one’s country. This early epiphany also sets in motion the young priest Urrutia’s quest to become a “storyteller”(poet). But we also see that he is impressionable, and maleable, and readerly sympathies with him are cast in doubt.
This novel is layered with images, allusions and symbols. On second reading, I decided it is as a whole a lot more allegorical than at first glance. Motifs that Urrutia/Bolano works in the text. Birds and more birds, (yes those are pigeons in day glow orange on the novel’s cover page).
Urrutia is early on referred to as a fledgling, Farewell is frequently seen having qualities of the falcon. The voice of the popes are referred to the sound “distant screeching of a flock of birds”. There even an insinuated corrupt “Trinity” Poet/Church (Dogma)/ State, but Urrutia asks, does it matter, as long as you are bored, and turn your back on the ugliness:
Sooner or later, everyone would get their share of power again. The right, the center, the left, one big happy family…sometimes at night, I would sit on a chair in the dark and ask myself what difference there was between fascist and rebel. Just a pair of words. Two words, that’s all. And sometimes, either one will do!
I will resist going further into depth here so as to avoid plot spoilers, but would be happy to discuss my notes in the “Comments”
Following the Don Salvador and Opus Dei sections, our judgement and sympathies for our narrator/hero(?) is further questioned when Urrutia in cloak and dagger fashion is solicited and accepts tutoring the illustrious Pinochet junta in Marxism.There is then the question of betrayal. Urrutia needs the assurance of Farewell to measure whether he was right in helping the junta. If one has no moral alignment, no true loyalties, or rather, if the powers are not clear cut, undefined, can there be such thing as betrayal?
Who or where, are the patriots? Can there be “patriotism”?
Sordel, Sordello, which Sordello? Indeed
You will have to read By Night and Chile and decide for yourself.
There is one pointed and powerful metaphor that is drawn toward the end of the novel. Urrutia is part of a literary salon that meets several times a week at the home of a Maria Canales. The talk is of the theater, poetry, literature and all of the arts. Meanwhile, as we later find out, the basement of the house is used as an interrogation chamber for enemies of the state by her husband Jimmy Thompson, a sort of shadow CIA operative.
Unfortunately, this one very vivid metaphor does not a compelling novel make. I found it somewhat muddled and lifeless - strangely without much impact.
Overall a good book, and a good introduction to Roberto Bolano, though a little less blood-filled and sex-filled than most of his books.
'....my cassock flapping in the wind, my cassock like a shadow, my black flag, my prim and proper music, clean, dark cloth, a well in which the sins of Chile sank without a trace' (p.60, NDP975)
Many thanks to Chris Andrews, who coincindentally grew up as I did in Newcastle New South Wales, for the translation of this book. It was the first of Roberto Bolano's works to appear in English.
I will be reading more Bolano. Next stop either the Savage Detectives or Last Evenings on Earth.
The narrative voice here is really the technical vehicle that navigates the reader,
Confining itself to the Gothic whsiper, By Night in Chile does echo in one trope. There's certainly depth and poetic violence; what I think seperates Bolano is the imaginary bibliography; that Borgesian codex of spectral works which exist in world just so close yet distant from our own dusty trevails.
I kick myself for not having the energy or focus to soak up more spanish and read him unfiltered...